In this Book

summary
The numerous essays by many of the state’s leading historians in African American Connecticut Explored document an array of subjects beginning from the earliest years of the state’s colonization around 1630 and continuing well into the 20th century. The voice of Connecticut’s African Americans rings clear through topics such as the Black Governors of Connecticut, nationally prominent black abolitionists like the reverends Amos Beman and James Pennington, the African American community’s response to the Amistad trial, the letters of Joseph O. Cross of the 29th Regiment of Colored Volunteers in the Civil War, and the Civil Rights work of baseball great Jackie Robinson (a twenty-year resident of Stamford), to name a few. Insightful introductions to each section explore broader issues faced by the state’s African American residents as they struggled for full rights as citizens. This book represents the collaborative effort of Connecticut Explored and the Amistad Center for Art & Culture, with support from the State Historic Preservation Office and Connecticut’s Freedom Trail. It will be a valuable guide for anyone interested in this fascinating area of Connecticut’s history.

Contributors include Billie M. Anthony, Christopher Baker, Whitney Bayers, Barbara Beeching, Andra Chantim, Stacey K. Close, Jessica Colebrook, Christopher Collier, Hildegard Cummings, Barbara Donahue, Mary M. Donohue, Nancy Finlay, Jessica A. Gresko, Katherine J. Harris, Charles (Ben) Hawley, Peter Hinks, Graham Russell Gao Hodges, Eileen Hurst, Dawn Byron Hutchins, Carolyn B. Ivanoff, Joan Jacobs, Mark H. Jones, Joel Lang, Melonae’ McLean, Wm. Frank Mitchell, Hilary Moss, Cora Murray, Elizabeth J. Normen, Elisabeth Petry, Cynthia Reik, Ann Y. Smith, John Wood Sweet, Charles A. Teale Sr., Barbara M. Tucker, Tamara Verrett, Liz Warner, David O. White, and Yohuru Williams.


Ebook Edition Note: One illustration has been redacted.

Table of Contents

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  1. Cover
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  1. Title Page, Copyright
  2. pp. i-iv
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  1. Contents
  2. pp. v-viii
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  1. Publisher’s Statement
  2. pp. ix-x
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  1. Preface
  2. pp. xi-xii
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  1. Historiographical Notes
  2. pp. xiii-xiv
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  1. Introduction
  2. pp. xv-xviii
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  1. Part I Settlement to 1789
  1. 1 Freedom and Slavery
  2. Katherine J. Harris
  3. pp. 3-12
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  1. 2 Venture Smith, from Slavery to Freedom
  2. John Wood Sweet
  3. pp. 13-16
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  1. 3 Caesar and Lois Peters
  2. Peter Hinks
  3. pp. 17-21
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  1. 4 Fortune’s Story
  2. Ann Y. Smith
  3. pp. 22-25
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  1. 5 Revolutionary War Service, Path to Freedom
  2. David O. White
  3. pp. 26-34
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  1. 6 In Remembrance of Their Kings of Guinea: The Black Governors and the Negro Election, 1749 to 1780
  2. Katherine J. Harris
  3. pp. 35-44
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  1. 7 Ancient Burying Ground: Monument to Black Governors
  2. Billie M. Anthony
  3. pp. 45-48
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  1. Part II 1789 to Civil War
  1. 8 The Rise of Communities and the Continued Quest for Freedom for All
  2. Katherine J. Harris
  3. pp. 51-63
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  1. 9 Colonization and Abolition in Connecticut
  2. Katherine J. Harris
  3. pp. 64-68
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  1. 10 Black Governors, 1780 to 1856
  2. Katherine J. Harris
  3. pp. 69-79
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  1. 11 James Mars
  2. Wm. Frank Mitchell
  3. pp. 80-82
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  1. 12 Black Abolitionists Speak
  2. Cora Murray and Whitney Bayers
  3. pp. 83-85
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  1. 13 From Talcott to Main Street: Hartford’s First African American Church
  2. Tamara Verrett
  3. pp. 86-88
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  1. 14 Fortresses of Faith, Agents of Change: AME and AME Zion Churches in Connecticut
  2. Mary M. Donohue and Whitney Bayers
  3. pp. 89-92
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  1. 15 William Lanson: Businessman, Contractor, and Activist
  2. Katherine J. Harris
  3. pp. 93-102
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  1. 16 The Ruggles, Norwich, and Abolitionism
  2. Graham Russell Gao Hodges
  3. pp. 103-110
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  1. 17 A Family of Reformers: The Middletown Bemans
  2. Liz Warner
  3. pp. 111-117
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  1. 18 Rev. James W. C. Pennington: A National and Local Voice for Freedom
  2. Stacey Close
  3. pp. 118-125
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  1. 19 Coming to the Aid of the Amistad Africans
  2. Jessica A. Gresko
  3. pp. 126-136
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  1. 20 In Search of an Education, Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries
  2. Christopher Collier
  3. pp. 137-147
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  1. 21 “Cast Down on Every Side”: The Ill-Fated Campaign to Found an “African College” in New Haven
  2. Hilary Moss
  3. pp. 148-154
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  1. 22 Sarah Harris and the Prudence Crandall School
  2. Barbara M. Tucker
  3. pp. 155-164
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  1. 23 “No Taxation without Representation”
  2. Katherine J. Harris
  3. pp. 165-170
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  1. 24 A Walk Along the Underground Railroad
  2. Barbara Donahue
  3. pp. 171-173
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  1. 25 Augustus Washington: “Portrait of a Young Man”
  2. Nancy Finlay
  3. pp. 174-176
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  1. 26 The Twenty-ninth Regiment Colored Volunteers
  2. Charles (Ben) Hawley
  3. pp. 177-180
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  1. 27 Fighting for Freedom: Joseph O. Cross
  2. Elizabeth J. Normen
  3. pp. 181-184
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  1. Part III Post Civil War to World War I
  1. 28 Connecticut and the Aftermath of the Civil War
  2. Stacey Close
  3. pp. 187-197
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  1. 29 Rebecca Primus and Addie Brown
  2. Barbara J. Beeching
  3. pp. 198-206
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  1. 30 The Fisk Jubilee Singers Tour the North
  2. Wm. Frank Mitchell
  3. pp. 207-210
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  1. 31 Ebenezer Bassett’s Historic Journey
  2. Carolyn B. Ivanoff, with Mary J. Mycek, and Marian K. O’Keefe
  3. pp. 211-216
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  1. 32 Charles Ethan Porter
  2. Hildegard Cummings
  3. pp. 217-224
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  1. Part IV Photo Essay
  1. 33 A Veil Lifted
  2. Wm. Frank Mitchell
  3. pp. 227-236
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  1. Part V Between the Wars
  1. 34 Black Southern Migration and the Transformation of Connecticut, 1917–1941
  2. Stacey Close
  3. pp. 239-252
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  1. 35 Anna Louise James
  2. Andra Chantim
  3. pp. 253-255
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  1. 36 World War I Homefront: A Short Photo Essay
  2. Mark H. Jones
  3. pp. 256-257
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  1. 37 Mary Townsend Seymour
  2. Mark H. Jones
  3. pp. 258-264
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  1. 38 Laboring in the Shade
  2. Dawn Byron Hutchins
  3. pp. 265-270
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  1. Part VI World War II to Civil Rights
  1. 39 World War II and the Civil Rights Years
  2. Stacey Close
  3. pp. 273-287
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  1. 40 “I Wanted to Fly”: Connie Nappier, Jr.
  2. Eileen Hurst
  3. pp. 288-291
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  1. 41 Susan Elizabeth Freeman, World War II Officer and Nurse
  2. Stacey Close
  3. pp. 292-296
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  1. 42 Ellis Ruley
  2. Joel Lang
  3. pp. 297-303
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  1. 43 “Just Like Georgia Except for the Climate”: Black Life at Mid-Century in Ann Petry’s The Narrows
  2. Elisabeth Petry
  3. pp. 304-311
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  1. 44 Marion Anderson’s Studio
  2. Jessica Colebrook
  3. pp. 312-314
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  1. 45 From Fields to Footlights: Gwen Reed
  2. Christopher Baker
  3. pp. 315-321
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  1. 46 Baseball Legend Jack Robinson’s Sacrifices Off the Diamond
  2. Stacey Close
  3. pp. 322-331
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  1. 47 Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Connecticut, and Nonviolent Protest: A Transforming Alliance
  2. Stacey Close
  3. pp. 332-342
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  1. 48 Black Panthers: Interview with Butch Lewis
  2. Interview conducted by Joan Jacobs
  3. pp. 343-346
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  1. 49 “What Would Dr. King Want You to Do?”
  2. Cynthia Reik
  3. pp. 347-349
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  1. 50 The New Haven Black Panther Trials
  2. Yohuru Williams
  3. pp. 350-357
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  1. 51 My Dad, Jackie McLean
  2. Melonae’ McLean
  3. pp. 358-361
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  1. 52 My Summers at Camp Courant
  2. Charles A. Teale, Sr.
  3. pp. 362-364
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  1. Part VII A Recipe for the Future
  1. 53 My Grandmother’s Squash Pie: A Regional Discussion of African American Foodways
  2. Wm. Frank Mitchell
  3. pp. 367-380
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  1. 54 Conclusion: The Charge of Citizenship for African Americans
  2. Wm. Frank Mitchell
  3. pp. 381-392
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  1. Contributors
  2. pp. 393-396
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  1. Bibliography
  2. pp. 397-418
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  1. Index
  2. pp. 419-423
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  1. Series Page
  2. pp. 424-428
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  1. Images
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