In this Book

Masterpieces of History: The Peaceful End of the Cold War in Europe, 1989

Book
Edited by Svetlana Savranskaya, Thomas Blanton and Vladislav Zubok
2010
Published by: Central European University Press
Series: National Security Archive Cold War Readers
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summary
Twenty years in the making, this collection presents 122 top-level Soviet, European and American records on the superpowers' role in the annus mirabilis of 1989. Consisting of Politburo minutes; diary entries from Gorbachev's senior aide, Anatoly Chernyaev; meeting notes and private communications of Gorbachev with George H.W. Bush, Margaret Thatcher, Helmut Kohl and François Mitterrand; and high-level CIA analyses, this volume offers a rare insider's look at the historic, world-transforming events that culminated in the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War. Most of these records have never been published before.

Table of Contents

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Cover

Title page

Copyright page

Table of contents

pp. v-xiii

Preface and Acknowledgements

pp. xv-xx

Foreword

pp. xxi-xxiv

Foreword

pp. xxv-xxvi

Acronyms

pp. xxvii-xxviii

Chronology of Events

pp. xxix-xliv

The Logic of 1989: The Soviet Peaceful Withdrawal from Eastern Europe

pp. 1-48

U.S. Policy and the Revolutions of 1989

pp. 49-98

Dialogue: The Musgrove Conference, May 1–3, 1998

pp. 99-214

Documents

Document No. 1: Transcript of Mikhail Gorbachev’s Conference with CC CPSU Secretaries March 15, 1985

pp. 217-219

Document No. 2: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding the “Vladimirov” Article July 5, 1985

pp. 220-221

Document No. 3: Memorandum from Anatoly Chernyaev to Aleksandr Yakovlev on Germany and Eastern Europe March 10, 1986

pp. 222-223

Document No. 4: Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev to Ministry of Foreign Affairs May 28, 1986

pp. 224-225

Document No. 5: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session June 13, 1986

pp. 226-229

Document No. 6: Memorandum from Mikhail Gorbachev to the CC CPSU Politburo on Topical Questions regarding Collaboration with Socialist Countries June 26, 1986

pp. 230-233

Document No. 7: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session July 3, 1986

pp. 234-235

Document No. 8: Transcript of CC CPSU Politburo Session November 13, 1986

pp. 236-240

Document No. 9: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session January 29, 1987

pp. 241-243

Document No. 10: Proposal from georgy Shakhnazarov to the CPSU for a Partial Soviet Troop Withdrawal from the ČSSR March 1987

pp. 244-246

Document No. 11: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session. Report on Mikhail Gorbachev’s Visit to Czechoslovakia April 16, 1987

pp. 247-248

Document No. 12: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session May 8, 1987

pp. 249-252

Document No. 13: Report on Mikhail Gorbachev’s Visit to Romania June 4, 1987

pp. 253-254

Document No. 14: Report on Eduard Shevardnadze’s Visits to Bulgaria, Hungary, and Yugoslavia July 9, 1987

pp. 255-256

Document No. 15: State Department Intelligence and Research Report: “Economic Reform in the USSR and Eastern Europe” September 16, 1987

pp. 257-258

Document No. 16: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session November 19, 1987

pp. 259-260

Document No. 17: Memorandum from Robert Gates, “Gorbachev’s Gameplan: The Long View” November 24, 1987

pp. 261-263

Document No. 18: Telegram from Rozanne Ridgeway to All European Diplomatic Posts, “Eastern Europe: Invitation to the Dance” December 1987

pp. 264

Document No. 19: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session March 10, 1988

pp. 265-267

Document No. 20: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Lazar Moisov March 14, 1988

pp. 268

Document No. 21: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session March 24–25, 1988

pp. 269-270

Document No. 22: Record of the Main Content of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and gustáv Husák April 12, 1988

pp. 271-272

Document No. 23: Record of the Main Content of a Telephone Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and János Kádár May 19, 1988

pp. 273-276

Document No. 24: Comments from georgy Shakhnazarov on Viktor Kulikov’s Report at the Warsaw Treaty PCC May 25, 1988

pp. 277-279

Document No. 25: National Intelligence Estimate 11/12-9-88, “Soviet Policy toward Eastern Europe under Gorbachev” May 1988

pp. 280-285

Document No. 26: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session June 20, 1988

pp. 286-289

Document No. 27: Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev at a Dinner with Wojciech Jaruzelski July 11, 1988

pp. 290-291

Document No. 28: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Józef Czyrek September 23, 1988

pp. 292-305

Document No. 29: Preparatory Notes from Georgy Shakhnazarov for Mikhail gorbachev for CC CPSU Politburo Meeting October 6, 1988

pp. 306-308

Document No. 30: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding a Meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl October 28, 1988

pp. 309-310

Document No. 31: Notes of a Meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and Foreign Policy Advisers October 31, 1988

pp. 311-312

Document No. 32: Summary of Conversations between Károly Grósz, János Berecz, Miklós Németh, Mátyás Szűrös and Aleksandr Yakovlev November 10–11, 1988

pp. 313-324

Document No. 33: CIA Intelligence Assessment, “Gorbachev’s September Housecleaning: An Early Evaluation” December 1988

pp. 325-330

Document No. 34: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev on the Situation in the Baltics December 10, 1988

pp. 331

Document No. 35: Transcript of CC CPSU Politburo Session December 27–28, 1988

pp. 332-340

Document No. 36: Record of Conversation between Aleksandr Yakovlev and Henry Kissinger January 16, 1989

pp. 341-344

Document No. 37: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Henry Kissinger January 17, 1989

pp. 345-346

Document No. 38: Letter from George H.W. Bush to Mikhail Gorbachev

pp. 347-348

Document No. 39: Report from Mikhail Gorbachev to the CC CPSU Politburo regarding His Meeting with the Trilateral Commission January 21, 1989

pp. 349-351

Document No. 40: Notes of Telephone Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and George H.W. Bush January 23, 1989

pp. 352

Document No. 41: Memorandum from CC CPSU International Department, “On a Strategy for Relations with the European Socialist Countries” February 1989

pp. 353-364

Document No. 42: Memorandum from the Bogomolov Institute, “Changes in Eastern Europe and their Impact on the USSR” February 1989

pp. 365-381

Document No. 43: Cable from Jack Matlock to State Department, “The Soviet Union over the Next Four Years” February 3, 1989

pp. 382-388

Document No. 44: Memorandum from Anatoly Chernyaev to Vadim Zagladin February 4, 1989

pp. 389

Document No. 45: Cable from Jack Matlock to State Department, “The Soviet Union over the Next Four Years” February 13, 1989

pp. 390-396

Document No. 46: Report on Vadim Medvedev’s Visit to Romania February 16, 1989

pp. 397-398

Document No. 47: Cable from Jack Matlock to State Department, “U.S.–Soviet Relations: Policy Opportunities” February 22, 1989

pp. 399-407

Document No. 48: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Achille Occhetto February 28, 1989

pp. 408-410

Document No. 49: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session March 3, 1989

pp. 411

Document No. 50: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Miklós Németh March 3, 1989

pp. 412-413

Document No. 51: Notes of Mikhail Gorbachev’s Meeting with Soviet Ambassadors to Socialist Countries March 3, 1989

pp. 414-417

Document No. 52: Record of Conversations between Mikhail Gorbachev and Károly Grósz March 23–24, 1989

pp. 418-419

Document No. 53: Transcript of CC CPSU Politburo Session, “Outcome of the USSR People’s Deputies Elections” March 28, 1989

pp. 420-431

Document No. 54: CIA Intelligence Assessment, “Rising Political Instability under Gorbachev: Understanding the Problem and Prospects for Resolution” April 1989

pp. 432-435

Document No. 55: Report from Vadim Zagladin on Conversation with Jan Pudlák April 1, 1989

pp. 436-437

Document No. 56: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Margaret Thatcher April 6, 1989

pp. 438-441

Document No. 57: National Intelligence Estimate 11-4-89, “Soviet Policy toward the West: The Gorbachev Challenge” April 1989

pp. 442-445

Document No. 58: Session of the CC CPSU Politburo April 20, 1989

pp. 446-448

Document No. 59: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding Gorbachev’s State of Mind May 2, 1989

pp. 449

Document No. 60: Session of the CC CPSU Politburo May 11, 1989

pp. 450-451

Document No. 61: Transcript of CC PUWP Secretariat Meeting June 5, 1989

pp. 452-459

Document No. 62: Record of Conversation between Erich Honecker and Eduard Shevardnadze June 9, 1989

pp. 460-462

Document No. 63: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl June 12, 1989

pp. 463-467

Document No. 64: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Richard von Weizsäcker June 12, 1989

pp. 468-469

Document No. 65: Transcript of Opening Full Session of Hungarian National Roundtable Negotiations June 13, 1989

pp. 470-474

Document No. 66: Record of Second Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl June 13, 1989

pp. 475

Document No. 67: Record of Third Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl June 14, 1989

pp. 476-478

Document No. 68: Memorandum of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl June 15, 1989

pp. 479-481

Document No. 69: Memorandum of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl June 23, 1989

pp. 482-483

Document No. 70: Letter from Helmut Kohl to George H.W. Bush June 28, 1989

pp. 484-487

Document No. 71: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev, François Mitterrand and Their Spouses July 4, 1989

pp. 488-489

Document No. 72: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and François Mitterrand July 5, 1989

pp. 490-491

Document No. 73: Address by Mikhail Gorbachev to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg July 6, 1989

pp. 492-496

Document No. 74: Record of Concluding Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and François Mitterrand July 6, 1989

pp. 497-498

Document No. 75: Notes of Meeting of Warsaw Treaty Member-States July 8, 1989

pp. 499-502

Document No. 76: Information Note regarding George H.W. Bush’s Visit to Poland (July 9–11) July 18, 1989

pp. 503-505

Document No. 77: Record of Conversation between Aleksandr Yakovlev and Jack Matlock July 20, 1989

pp. 506-510

Document No. 78: Report from Rezső Nyers and Károly grósz on Negotiations with Mikhail Gorbachev July 24–25, 1989

pp. 511-514

Document No. 79: Transcript of SED Politburo Sessions September 5, 1989

pp. 515-516

Document No. 80: Memorandum of Conversation between Oskar Fischer and Vyacheslav Kochemassov September 7, 1989

pp. 517

Document No. 81: Letter from Gerd Vehres to Oskar Fischer September 10, 198971

pp. 518-520

Document No. 82: Record of Conversation between Evgeny Primakov and Margaret Thatcher September 18, 1989

pp. 521

Document No. 83: CIA Intelligence Assessment, “Gorbachev’s Domestic Gambles and Instability in the USSR” September 1989

pp. 522-524

Document No. 84: National Security Directive (NSD) 23, “United States Relations with the Soviet Union” September 22, 1989

pp. 525-529

Document No. 85: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Margaret Thatcher September 23, 1989

pp. 530-532

Document No. 86: Protocol No. 166 of CC CPSU Politburo Session September 28, 1989

pp. 533-541

Document No. 87: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding Mikhail Gorbachev’s Visit to the GDR October 5, 1989

pp. 542-543

Document No. 88: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Members of the CC SED Politburo October 7, 1989

pp. 544-546

Document No. 89: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding German Reunification October 9, 1989

pp. 547

Document No. 90: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding Erich Honecker October 11, 1989

pp. 548-549

Document No. 91: Session of the CC CPSU Politburo, Discussion of Mikhail Gorbachev’s Talk with Mieczysław Rakowski October 12, 1989

pp. 550

Document No. 92: Record of Conversation between Vadim Medvedev and Kurt Hager October 13, 198976

pp. 551-554

Document No. 93: Memorandum from Georgy Shakhnazarov to Mikhail Gorbachev regarding Military Détente in Europe October 14, 1989

pp. 555-557

Document No. 94: Record of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl October 23, 1989

pp. 558-560

Document No. 95: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Mauno Koivisto October 25, 1989

pp. 561-562

Document No. 96: Record of Conversation between Aleksandr Yakovlev and Zbigniew Brzezinski October 31, 1989

pp. 563-568

Document No. 97: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Egon Krenz November 1, 1989

pp. 569-573

Document No. 98: Cable from U.S. Embassy in Sofia to State Department, “The Nov 10 CC Party Plenum: Little Prospect for Major Changes” November 9, 1989

pp. 574-576

Document No. 99: Session of the CC CPSU Politburo November 9, 1989

pp. 577-579

Document No. 100: Record of Conversation between Helmut Kohl and Lech Wałęsa November 9, 1989

pp. 580-585

Document No. 101: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding the Fall of the Berlin Wall November 10, 1989

pp. 586

Document No. 102: Record of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl November 10, 1989

pp. 587-589

Document No. 103: Record of Telephone Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl November 11, 1989

pp. 590-592

Document No. 104: Record of Telephone Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and François Mitterrand November 14, 1989

pp. 593-594

Document No. 105: Record of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl November 17, 1989

pp. 595-597

Document No. 106: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Brian Mulroney November 21, 1989

pp. 598-601

Document No. 107: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Tadeusz Mazowiecki November 24, 1989

pp. 602-607

Document No. 108: Speech by Ladislav Adamec at CC CPCz Extraordinary Session November 24, 1989

pp. 608-610

Document No. 109: Letter from Helmut Kohl to George H.W. Bush November 28, 1989

pp. 611-618

Document No. 110: Soviet Transcript of the Malta Summit December 2–3, 1989

pp. 619-646

Document No. 111: Memorandum of Conversation of George H.W. Bush, John Sununu, Brent Scowcroft, and Helmut Kohl December 3, 1989

pp. 647-650

Document No. 112: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Petar Mladenov December 5, 1989

pp. 651-652

Document No. 113: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Hans Dietrich enscher December 5, 1989

pp. 653-656

Document No. 114: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and François Mitterrand December 6, 1989

pp. 657-659

Document No. 115: Cable from James Baker to U.S. Embassy Sofia December 19, 1989

pp. 660

Document No. 116: Four Soviet Foreign Ministry Documents regarding the Situation in Romania December 20–25, 1989

pp. 661-667

Document No. 117: Memorandum from the CC CPSU International Department, “Towards a New Concept of Relations between the USSR and the States of Central and Eastern Europe” January 5, 1990

pp. 668-672

Document No. 118: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding german Reunification January 28, 1990

pp. 673-674

Document No. 119: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and James Baker February 9, 1990

pp. 675-684

Document No. 120: Letter from James Baker to Helmut Kohl February 10, 1990

pp. 685-687

Document No. 121: National Intelligence Estimate 12–90, “The Future of Eastern Europe,” (Key Judgments Only) April 1990

pp. 688-690

Document No. 122: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Wojciech Jaruzelski April 13, 1990

pp. 691-699

Main Actors

pp. 701-705

Selected Bibliography

pp. 707-711

Index

pp. 713-730

Photographs

pp. 731-738

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