Suits Against States: Diversity Of Opinion In The 1790s

Suits Against States:MLKJIHGFEDCBA Diversity Of Opinion In The 1790s Maeva Marcus and Natalie Wexler1aZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA T h e E le v e n th A m e n d m e n t to th e C o n stitu tio n p ro v id e s th a t “ [t]h e Ju d ic ia l p o w e r o f th e U n ite d S ta te s sh a ll n o t b e c o n stru e d to e x te n d to a n y su it in la w o r e q u ity , c o m m e n c e d o rp ro se c u te d a g a in st o n e o f th e U n ite d S ta te s b y C itiz e n s o f a n o th e r S ta te , o r b y C itiz e n s o r S u b je c ts o f a n y F o re ig n S ta te .” F o llo w in g th e 1 8 9 0 d e c isio n o f th e S u ­ p re m e C o u rt in YXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA H a n s v. L o u isia n a ,1 sc h o la rs h a v e a ssu m e d th a t th e a m e n d m e n t w a s a p ro d u c t o f u n iv e rs a l o u tra g e a g a in st th e S u p re m e C o u rt’s 1 7 9 3 d e c isio n in C h ish o lm v. G eo rg ia ,1 w h ic h h e ld th a t su c h su its c o u ld b e m a in ta in e d . In a sta te m e n t ty p ic a l o f th e p re v a ilin g v ie w , C h a rle s W a rre n w ro te th a t th e “ d e c isio n fe ll u p o n th e c o u n try w ith a p ro fo u n d sh o c k .” 4 W h ile it is tru e th a t m a n y w e re o u tra g e d b y C h ish o lm — a n d th a t th e sta te s o f G e o rg ia , S o u th C a ro lin a , V irg in ia a n d M a ssa c h u se tts re fu se d a n y su b m issio n to th e ju ris d ic tio n o f th e C o u rt w h e n th e y w e re su e d b y in d iv id u a ls5— o p in io n o n th e s u b je c t w a s fa r fro m u n a n im o u s. F e w to d a y re a liz e th a t in c a se s b ro u g h t in th e S u ­ p re m e C o u rt p rio r to C h ish o lm , tw o sta te s— M a ry la n d a n d N e w Y o rk — c o m p lie d w ith su b ­ p o e n a s issu e d a g a in s t th e m a n d e n te re d a p p e a r­ a n c...