Bhāviveka’s Inclusivism: Discriminating the Feces, Jewels, and Fake Jewels of the Veda

This article analyzes the metaphors of feces, a jewel, and an iron-made fake jewel that Bhāviveka uses to distinguish and evaluate the two parts of the Veda. In so doing, it reviews scholarly views on Bhāviveka’s inclusive approach to the Vedāntins and it argues that Bhāviveka’s affi rmation of the Vedāntin terms is a Mādhyamika expression of inclusivism.