Semantics and Pragmatics of Voice in Central Malagasy Oral Narratives

This study explores the semantic and pragmatic functions of voice in the Central dialects of Malagasy through quantitative and qualitative analyses of a set of oral narratives. Analysis of semantic transitivity parameters and discourse topicality reveals a preserved but weakened connection between nonactor voice and high transitivity and actor voice and intransitivity. Both actor voice and nonactor voice constructions have an active–transitive function; antipassive and passive functions are achieved, respectively, by omitting the patient in actor voice or the agent in nonactor voice. Patterns of anaphoric argument omission show that the pivot position has grammaticalized as the locus of high topicality arguments, paving the way for transition from a transitivity- dominated to a thematicity-dominated language. Thus, despite the morphological conservatism of the Central Malagasy voice system, it shows significant functional divergence from the most conservative Philippine-type systems.