CONTRIBUTORS

2 1 1 R C O N T R I B U T O R S SAMUEL FLAGG BEMIS (1891–1973), a leading historian of American diplomacy, received the Pulitzer Prize twice: for Pinckney’s Treaty, a history of late eighteenth-century American international relations, and for his biography of John Quincy Adams. He taught at Yale for twenty-five years. From 1945 until his retirement in 1960, he was Sterling Professor of History and International Relations. HIRAM BINGHAM III (1875–1956) was at various times in his life a historian, an archaeologist, an aviator, and a member of the United States Senate. It was during his time as a lecturer in Latin American history at Yale that Bingham discovered the Inca city of Machu Picchu. His essay ‘‘Monroe Doctrine, an Obsolete Shibboleth ’’ aroused widespread criticism, to which he replied in an address at a meeting of the American Society of International Law. The address in briefer form was published in The Yale Review. WILBUR CROSS (1862–1948) was a renowned literary critic and a scholar of the English novel. He was a professor of English and editor of the The Yale Review (which he launched in its current form with then Yale president Arthur Twining Hadley) for nearly three decades. He went on to serve four two-year terms as governor of Connecticut (1931–1939). Among other reform initiatives he supported the passage of measures related to the abolition of child labor, governmental reorganization, and improved factory legislation. The Wilbur Cross Medal at Yale is awarded for outstanding achievement in professional life. WILLIAM CLYDE DEVANE (1898–1965), a renowned scholar of the poet Robert Browning , was a professor of English and Dean of Yale College. He took both his B.A. and Ph.D. degrees at Yale, where he joined the faculty after serving as head of the English department at Cornell. In his honor, Yale holds the annual DeVane Lectures and awards the DeVane Medal for outstanding teaching and scholarship. A. BARTLETT GIAMATTI (1938–1989) spent thirty years at Yale as a student, a scholar of English Renaissance literature, as master of Ezra Stiles College (appointed by his predecessor as Yale president, Kingman Brewster, Jr.), and as president of the university – youngest in its history – from 1978 until 1986. In the last years of his life, he was also seventh commissioner of Major League Baseball. The essay printed here was presented in shorter form as a lecture for the Elizabethan Club at Yale to celebrate the 450th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth ’s birth. ARTHUR TWINING HADLEY (1856–1930), a political economist and railroad expert, was president of Yale College for over twenty years (1899–1921). During his tenure as president, he oversaw (among other projects) the development of the university library,thegraduateschool,andtheprofessional schools, the founding of the University Department of Health, and the establishment of Yale University Press and the reorganization of The Yale Review. In a 1919 statement he wrote ‘‘The thing on which I look back with the most satisfaction in my whole administration is the de- 2 1 2 C O N T R I B U T O R S Y velopment of the publishing work of the university and the recognition it has obtained throughout the world. I regard the Yale Review and the Yale University Press as our best products of the last twenty years.’’ JOHN HERSEY (1914–1993) was a renowned journalist and novelist. He received the Pulitzer Prize for his first novel, A Bell for Adano, and his account of the aftermath of the bombing of Hiroshima is widely considered to be one of the best pieces of journalism of the twentieth century. In his time at Yale, Hersey taught writing courses in fiction and non-fiction and served a five-year term as master of Pierson College. G. EVELYN HUTCHINSON (1903–1991), an aquatic ecologist, was an innovator in his field and a polymath with a lifelong interest in the humanities. He helped to develop several fields of inquiry, including those of limnology, biogeochemistry, and paleoecology ; he also wrote on art history, philosophy, religion, anthropology, and folklore. He was Sterling Professor of Zoology at Yale, where he taught...