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shock and fury, he clenches his left hand near his body in defiance or defense” (186). However, what makes Felman’s analysis most thought-provoking is her use of comparison with art work and photographs from other periods in France’s history, such as Impressionist Gustave Caillebott’s Rue de Paris: temps de pluie,Brassaï’s 1947 photograph Les grands boulevards depicting pedestrians in front of a poster for the film Le diable au corps, and Roger Benson’s iconic 1941 photograph of the exhibition poster for Le Juif et la France. From a Nation Torn is well suited for those wanting to enhance their knowledge or their teaching of the history of France from 1945 to 1962 via art. Fulbright Specialist (NY) Eileen M. Angelini Ford, Caroline. Natural Interests: The Contest over Environment in Modern France. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016. ISBN 978-0-674-04590-3. Pp. 296. $50. Ford traces the development of an environmental consciousness from immediately post- Revolutionary France through the inter-war period. Ford has filled a critical gap in scholarship surrounding French environmentalism. Whereas most prior studies take a more philosophical approach to French attitudes toward the environment, emphasizing the role of nature in philosophy, literature, and art, Ford focuses instead on how popular perceptions of the environment translated into public policy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Ford’s research is meticulous, as evidenced by both the breadth and depth of her sources, which range from official documents, surveys, and newspapers to photographs, works of art, and literature. As a result, this fascinating study will appeal to scholars of modern French culture and of the emergence of modern France, but will also be valuable to those interested in comparative approaches to environmental history,the history of resource management, colonial expansion in North Africa, and urban planning. The book is arranged both chronologically and thematically, which provides the reader with a clear understanding of the coevolution of environmental thought and nationhood following the French Revolution. Ford seamlessly connects seemingly diverse topics such as forest management , large-scale flooding, colonial expansion, urban renewal, and the development of green cities. She uses government-commissioned surveys during the Napoleonic era, for example, to illustrate post-Revolution anxiety about deforestation, flooding, and the fate of the emergent nation. Environmentalism is again posited as imperative to nationhood in Ford’s presentation of French environmental policy in Algeria, since landscape management was a central concern for French settlers in Algeria. Interestingly, Ford frames her study in terms of the on-going debate between those who wished to preserve France’s environment for its intrinsic value and those who wished to conserve valuable material resources. She consistently reminds her readers that despite vastly different approaches to resource management, both preservationists and conservationists were motivated by patriotic love of country. She is careful to 278 FRENCH REVIEW 90.3 Reviews 279 point out that not all environmental reform is motivated by reverence for nature; proponents for green cities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, for example, were often driven by social reform and public health concerns. This debate will be familiar to scholars of environmental history in the United States, and Ford situates French attitudes toward the environment to contemporaneous movements in Europe and the United States. Of particular note is Ford’s ability to provide historical context for environmental rhetoric and research. She frequently reminds her readers that anxiety over the human impact on the environment is not unique to twenty-first-century society, and that state and civil approaches to environmental disaster in the nineteenth century laid the groundwork for contemporary environmental policy. In this way, Ford bridges the gap between past and present, creating a compelling and unique portrait of the emergence of contemporary French attitudes toward the environment. Ithaca College (NY) Rachel Paparone Guattari, Félix. Machinic Eros: Writings on Japan. Ed. Gary Genosko and Jay Hetrick. Minneapolis: Univocal, 2015. ISBN 978-1-937561-20-8. Pp. 156. $25. This concise collection brings together eleven eclectic works in translation written by Guattari in the 1980s, alongside two critical essays authored by the editors of the volume. Chosen in light of their central theme, modern Japan...

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