À l’ombre de la langue légitime: l’Acadie dans la francophonie par by Annette Boudreau (review)

THE FRENCH REVIEW, Vol. 90, No. 4, May 2017 Printed in U.S.A. Linguistics edited by Bryan Donaldson 201 Boudreau, Annette. À l’ombre de la langue légitime: l’Acadie dans la francophonie. Paris: Garnier, 2016. ISBN 978-2-8124-5975-7. Pp. 297. 29 a. Of the few monographs available in North American Francophone sociolinguistics, none before now has focused exclusively on Acadie des Maritimes. In this semi-autobiographical volume, Boudreau draws on her experiences of linguistic dispossession as a minority Francophone scholar to illustrate how ideologies governing the unequal distribution of linguistic capital among Acadians have perpetuated language-based social inequalities. Framing her analysis in critical sociolinguistics, Boudreau presents interview data from her prior studies and data from Acadian cultural and media productions, focusing on the ideological processes related to the distribution of linguistic capital and speakers’ access to the legitimate language, whether the monolithic “Standard French” or bilingual competence in English. Of note is Boudreau’s careful application of theory from both Francophone and Anglophone scholars (e.g., Pierre Bourdieu and Nikolas Coupland) and her attention to reflexivity: she thoughtfully addresses her potential biases throughout the analysis. The first chapter serves as a theoretical introduction, illustrated through the linguistic illegitimacy Boudreau felt during her studies in Québec and in France. In chapter 2, Boudreau describes her childhood in Moncton, New Brunswick as a minority Francophone in an Anglodominant setting. Chapter 3 addresses the responsibility of a minority researcher vis-à-vis the production of knowledge in and about her society. In chapter 4, Boudreau discusses her research teams’field methods, including a discussion on the transcription of oral varieties of French. In chapter 5, she examines Acadian adolescents’ linguistic ideologies in 1990s New Brunswick, especially regarding Chiac, a variety of French spoken in Southeastern New Brunswick and known for its English borrowings.Chapter 6 regards the performance of authenticity through Acadian cultural revitalization efforts in two Nova Scotian regions. In chapter 7, Boudreau presents two case studies of bilingual Acadian professionals who express insecurity toward their competence in French. Chapter 8 describes the impact of three cultural productions appearing around 1970 that challenged negative ideologies regarding Acadian varieties of French and fostered public discourse on bilingualism. In chapter 9, Boudreau analyzes modern Acadian literature to underscore evolving discourses on both Acadian identity and Chiac. She notes that contemporary Acadian musicians have reappropriated their language and identity when performing outside of Acadie, a choice made possible by plural ideologies of French now circulating in la Francophonie.The epilogue summarizes the volume’s theoretical arguments and concludes with Boudreau’s personal objective that her work be of help to any Francophone who feels dispossessed of his or her language. This volume is indispensable for several reasons. First, for those unfamiliar with Boudreau’s research, it summarizes her principal findings from the past twentyfive years while giving an insider’s perspective on how French language ideologies directly impact one’s engagement in la Francophonie. Second, as such, it is an integral addition to an upper-division or graduate seminar on North American Francophone civilization or linguistics. Finally, as the first monograph dedicated to language ideologies in Acadie, and the minorisation of Francophones living in the periphery, it is an essential contribution to the field of Francophone sociolinguistics. Pepperdine University (CA) Kelle Keating Marshall Cruz, Marcio Alexandre, Carlos Piovezani, et Pierre-Yves Testenoire, éd. Le discours et le texte: Saussure en héritage. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2016. ISBN 978-28061 -0251-5. Pp. 228. 22 a. Cet ouvrage collectif célèbre le centenaire de la parution du Cours de linguistique générale en retraçant l’influence de la pensée du maître genevois sur les concepts linguistiques de “discours” et de “texte” au fil des cinquante dernières années. Divisé en neuf chapitres, Saussure en héritage est le fruit d’une collaboration entre chercheurs français et brésiliens autour d’une problématique commune: comment Ferdinand de Saussure—tantôt ignoré,tantôt acclamé—s’inscrit-il dans la linguistique contemporaine, et plus particulièrement l’analyse du discours? Cador du structuralisme auquel on a souvent reproché une approche synchronique qui ignore la...