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Reviews 219 former students, now a scholar in his own right. The book consists of some twenty articles written by widely-published and well-regarded academics. Roughly half the articles are on Rousseau; the remainder cover Voltaire, Diderot, d’Argens, Goethe, Hegel and Mme de Staël, in some cases in conjunction with Rousseau. A variety of approaches and themes are represented including attribution and publication history, biography, correspondence, critical bibliography, exoticism, socio-politics, and, of course, a substantial quantity of literary history and analysis. While the constraints of a review prevent detailed exploration of every article, a brief sampling will provide a sense of the book’s diverse content. Béatrice Didier’s “Identité de l’écrivain dans les Dialogues,” for instance, considers the problem of Rousseauan identity in the context of persecution and the “histoire des éditions” (85), underscoring the issues of false attributions and corruption of the text, and how these issues contribute to an“angoisse identitaire”(85). Tanguy L’Aminot’s socio-political“Rousseau contre l’état”casts aside the common positive reading of political institutions in the Contrat social and shows that, on the contrary, Rousseau denounces the fundamental hostility of all government , a hostility that makes any ruling institution “l’ennemi des individus” (124). Sylvain Menant’s “Rousseau inspirateur de Voltaire” reframes the Voltaire-Rousseau relationship in terms of how Voltaire “rewrites” passages of Rousseau’s work, how he counters Rousseau’s ideas, and how the success of Rousseau’s books leads Voltaire to rethink his own conception of writing (166). These examples show that despite the articles’ disparate nature (a natural tendency in such assortments) there are nonetheless two unifying threads running through the collection. The first is the studies’ ties to topics treated in Trousson’s own work, an association which renders this tribute to him most successful and meaningful. The second is the authors’ expert execution— all of the assembled studies are highly focused and conducted with sophistication, detail, and depth. The compilation exhibits a consistent quality that surpasses many if not most such collections. While the book’s level of erudition and refined analysis may make the compilation somewhat unsuited for a general audience, it does, on the other hand, make the work a vital acquisition for any university library, and a worthwhile addition to the collection of any professional dix-huitiémiste or Rousseau scholar. Ohio University Christopher Coski Xavier, Subha. The Migrant Text: Making and Marketing a Global French Literature. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s UP, 2016. ISBN 978-0-7735-4760-5. Pp. xiii + 237. In this work concerning literature written in French by migrants to France and Canada, Subha Xavier proposes a theory and a poetics of the migrant text, which aim beyond French World Literature or Littérature-monde en français to help us consider literature written in French as Global French Literature. The first part, “Theory,” discusses the transition from Goethe’s Weltliteratur idea, which involved translators furthering “human understanding through the exchange of literature” (25), to the Anglo-American concept of World Literature. It discusses the contribution of Michel Le Bris’s 2007 document Littérature-monde to the idea of a world literature in French, then describes the creation of Francophonie. It reveals the 1986 creation of the term littérature migrante, and the 2006 invention of the term écritures transmigrantes. Chapter two discusses theories of the nation and nationalism from their beginnings; Xavier asserts that, since they are central to the formation of national identities, one must discuss them to discuss the migrant condition. Xavier then treats Homi Bhabha’s postcolonial theory. She mentions several post-colonial theorists who, questioning writers such as Bhabha, believe post-colonial theory to be a product and an enterprise chiefly of the Western, mostly American, intelligentsia. She mentions the Subaltern Studies group, which, in opposition to post-colonialism, seeks to speak about real economic conditions of migrant subjects rather than giving way to abstractions about their lives’ hybridity. Xavier mentions American post-colonial theorist Édouard Glissant, and also Maryse Condé, who resist the categorizations and totalizations of the postcolonial in ways Xavier embraces. Chapter three discusses the intersection of creative and economic forces in the...

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