Encounters with Confluences

This study examines a selection of river confluences, places that are frequently locations of important physical investigations by hydrologists, geomorphologists, biologists, and engineers, among others. In contrast, confluences can also demonstrate a complex interplay of historical, economic, social, and political factors. Many urban stream confluences were sites of prehistoric human settlement; others are more recent historic sites, or important shipping facilities; and some are simply tourist attractions. From the multitude of stream confluences, this paper examines a small selection from the United States of America and Europe, with a focus on the multiplicity of human associations and layers of meaning.