Editor's Note

The lead article in this issue is the last published paper by John Gardner, who died in July 2019. John's association with the Toronto Faculty of Law went back a long way. He wrote to me in May to explain that he was dying and wished the paper to be considered by us for publication because of his 'long affection for Toronto.' I asked two of my colleagues to referee the paper overnight. John managed to revise it expeditiously and the proofs arrived the day after he died. It only occurred to me in retrospect that my colleagues who refereed his paper – Ernie Weinrib and Arthur Ripstein – had been the subjects of his first publications in the University of Toronto Law Journal, lengthy review articles of their books. I was able to send John the table of contents a few days before his death. The Journal is proud to publish this article as a memorial of one of the world's leading legal scholars and a generous friend to our Faculty of Law.