“In a Higher World it is Otherwise, but Here Below to live is to Change, and to be Perfect Is to have Changed Often.”

NEWMAN STUDIES JOURNAL 3 EDITORIAL PREFACE “IN A HIGHER WORLD IT IS OTHERWISE, BUT HERE BELOW TO LIVE IS TO CHANGE, AND TO BE PERFECT IS TO HAVE CHANGED OFTEN.”1 In his Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, Newman used the phrase above as a prelude to his reflections “On the Kinds of Development in Ideas”— developments as varied as physical and mathematical, material and political, logical and historical, ethical and metaphysical, etc. Yet as the wording of the phrase suggests,development is not only theoretical and notional,but also real and personal. While the essays in this issue of Newman Studies Journal, with one important exception, were not designed as commentaries on Newman’s Essay on Development,all of this issue’s essays seem to reflect various facets of development. The initial article,“Awakened from My Dream: Newman on Illness and Spiritual Growth” by Bernadette Waterman Ward, is a personal reflection on illness—a topic that Newman’s biographers have usually glossed over in writing about him, perhaps desirous to avoid an unpleasant topic or at least grateful that their subject survived, since even what today are considered “minor illnesses” were frequently fatal in the 19th century. In any case, few authors have commented on the significant role that serious sickness played in Newman’s personal spiritual development; perhaps such an appreciation requires a comparable experience of suffering. Just as Newmanists have neglected the implications of illness for Newman’s spiritual life and thought, they have also neglected the spiritual dimensions of his obvious failures. Instead of considering these failures the result of hostile attacks— which they often were—Peter J. Stravinskas in“Newman the Failure”points out that failures have the potential of changing one’s life for better or for worse,and Newman managed to turn many of his failures into opportunities for spiritual growth. Education is an obvious venue for intellectual development, but one that has a variety of influences. Drew Morgan’s “Newman and the Oratorian Idea of Scholarship” examines the correlation of Newman’s Oxford-derived educational views as they inter-faced with Oratorian scholarly ideals. Yet, while Newman’s educational perspective had both Oxonian and Oratorian components, it also displayed other affinities, as Daniel J. Heisey illustrates in his reflections on“Cardinal Newman and Benedictine Education.” The one article in this issue that deals specifically with Newman’s Essay on Development is Gerard McCarren’s probing question: “Are Newman’s ‘Tests’ or 1 John Henry Newman, An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, 40; available at: http://www.newmanreader.org/works/development/index.html. NEWMAN STUDIES JOURNAL 4 ‘Notes’ of Genuine Doctrinal Development Useful Today?” To answer this question, readers must first consider why Newman changed his terminology from“Tests”in the original edition of the Essay (1845) to “Notes” in the third edition (1878), before judging about their contemporary utility either retrospectively or prospectively. Another question about Newman’s intellectual development that needs further examination is raised by Stephanie Terril in her essay on Newman’s idea of “conception”in his posthumously published Theological Papers. Terril first examines the implicit“model”of“conception”that Newman was developing and then suggests its relevance in light of the Oxford University Sermons that he published as an Anglican and the Grammar of Assent that he published a quarter-century later as a Roman Catholic. Yet, if Newman was both an educator and a theologian, he was consummately a pastor. As Robert C. Christie shows in his essay, Newman changed his evangelical perspective in light of his concrete experience as anAnglican deacon at St.Clement’s, Oxford. As the ten featured“case studies”indicate,in Newman’s life theological views and pastoral practice developed in tandem. This issue also contains a half-dozen book reviews that testify to the continued interest in Newman’s world: four of the reviews focus, in whole or in part, on Newman as literateur, educator, and spiritual guide, while two of the books reviewed treat the broader historical context of the world in which Newman lived and wrote. This issue’s“Pastoral Vignette”focuses on the spiritual and pastoral qualities of one of Newman’s friendships. A one...