Lenin's Critical Engagement with Liberal Democracy: From Opportunism to Self-Determination and Dictatorship

This article analyzes how Lenin developed core tenets concerning revolutionary political action from his critical engagement with liberal democracy. He notes that two modes of action—one, in favor of national self-determination, and the other, for mass, proletarian dictatorship—potentially arise from, yet surpass, the opportunist form of politics that liberal institutions promote. Rather than neglect elements of liberal democratic society, including competitive elections, capitalism, and pluralism, Lenin highlights their shortcomings and revolutionary potential. As the Right gains power in Europe and the United States, Lenin's critique reveals the possibility for a politics that challenges state power and capitalism.