Disability, Human Rights, and Information Technology ed. by Jonathan Lazar & Michael Ashley Stein (review)

How does advanced digital technology affect disabled people's lives? Jonathan Lazar and Michael Ashley Stein's recently edited work Disability, Human Rights, and Information Technology offers an insightful answer. In this volume, multiple authors contribute their expertise to facilitate our exploration of the impact of hi-tech devices on disabled people's daily lives. Regarding the interactions between information technology (IT) and disability, scholarship within the past two decades has intensively focused on the rise of the Internet and its aftermaths. For example, according to Susanne M. Bruyère, William E. Erickson, and Sara Van Looy, in order to lessen workplace barriers for disabled persons we should "increase the organization's specific expertise or technical assistance on technology accessibility issues; train technical staff about accessibility issues, promote uniform guidelines to make Web-based employer processes accessible; and provide computer training for potential employees with disabilities."¹ The main breakthrough in the volume is the authors' exploration of the triple association between human rights, disability, and information technology. Equally important, the authors highlight how recent IT-oriented legislative acts hinder rather than improve disabled people's accessibility in the boom of information technology.

For people with disabilities, the evolution of information technology is often a double-edged sword, which not only improves their access to information but also creates new technology-based discrimination. As seen in Mary J. Zigler and David Sloan's chapter "Accessibility and Online Learning" (Chapter Ten and Jim Fruchterman's "E-books and Human Rights" (Chapter Nine), these innovative technologies indeed compensate for the "print disability" impeding disabled people's access to information and education. However, within the initial design of new information devices, disabled people's needs are basically ignored by engineers and managers. As Lazar and Stein pinpoint in the Introduction, "strikingly, some companies go beyond neglecting their legal and social obligations to include consumers with disabilities and actively resist making their hardware, software, and websites accessible."² Subsequently, the inequality between the people with disabilities and others is exacerbated in light of the former's limited access to websites and social media. This limited access ultimately impedes their access to citizenship, especially since they lack access to the open data of the government.

To decrease the negative effect of information technology, this volume presents a comprehensive model of domestic and international agencies' collaborations to advance the protection of the basic rights of people with disabilities. First of all, the US and Canadian governments take the lead in providing better high-technical services to people with disabilities. For example, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 in the United States and the Integrated Accessibility Standards Regulations of 2011 in Canada guarantee that people with disabilities have rights to access to better accessible facilities. Additionally, several national legislative acts converge into the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which offers a global legal framework affirming the basic rights of people with disabilities. As Ravi Malhotra and Megan A. Rusciano point out in Chapter Six, "using Provincial Laws to Drive a National Agenda", disability advocacy organizations play a significant role in propelling governments' increasing attention to people with disabilities and "promote the rights of persons with disabilities, even in jurisdiction without disability rights legislation, by employing progressive litigation strategies that aim to address the discriminatory nature of 'disability divide' and promote social inclusion more broadly."³ Peter Blanck's discussion of web eQuality in Chapter Three is illustrative of how disability scholars themselves are able to apply their work to the actual amelioration of disabled people's plight. Beyond petition for governmental attention and favors, Blanck demonstrates the value of scholarly discussion which paves the ground for disabled people's bright future.

In geographic terms, Chapter Fifteen, "The Accessibility Infrastructure and the Global South" presents an international perspective on assistance to disabled people with accessibility to web resources. With emphasis on the expansion of disabled...