In the Eagle’s Shadow: The United States and Latin America by Kyle Longley (review)

Book Reviews 129 necesidad de complementar observaciones de orden sociologico, historic0 o simplemente informativo con interpretaciones personales que ofrecen Lin punto de vista local. Aqui, Christine Hunefeldt, por medio de su investigacion es casi un testigo implicado e interprete visionario de 10s hechos que acontecieron durante esta epoca. Este trabajo esta estructurado en dos unidades enumeradas, 1) “Lima in the Nineteenth Century que a la vez se subdivide en 5 capitulos que reproducen en detalle la situacion de la sociedad y luego la de la pareja. Esta subdivision muestra su profundo conocimiento de la sociedad al investigar primer0 10s siguientes aspectos: a) Couples, Barrios, and the Church b) At Home and in the Streets, c) The people and the Church, d) The Canonic Interstices: Dissent, Cosent, Incompatibility, e) Guarding Marriage from Conflicts: Couples and Beaterios. La segunda parte, Couples and Everyday Life que se subdivide en 5 capitulos a la vez presenta un acercamiento a la situacion de la mujer en pareja a1 investigar 10s siguientes elementos: a) Women and the Dangers of Premarital Sex, b) Dowries and Marriage in Civil Court, c) Strategies for Survival: Struggles over Assets and Earnings, d) Redefining Female Domains, e) The end of the Century and Backward. Aqui es donde recae la esencia de esta investigacion donde 10s testimonios aportados parecen irrecusables. Este trabajo presenta una nueva terminologia en referencia a las ideas liberales importadas de lnglaterra y Francia y como a la vez estos conceptos pasan a formar parte de la vida cotidiana de estas familias. Sin embargo, el enfoque primordial no es un estudio de la modernizacion de las familias, sino de las miljeres como miembros activos de esta entidad. La mujer que lucha por su posicion, sus derechos y su independencia; no en plan de rebeldia sino de igualdad. Esta investigacion abre una puerta a la vida familiar de Lima durante el siglo XIX brindandole a1 lector una valiosa fiiente de informacion. A1 final del texto la escritora ofrece sii conclusi6n sobre diclia pesquisa seguido poi una extensa bibliografia para giiiar a fiituros investigadores interesados en la sociedad limefia. Johaiina Rarnos Florida A & M Univelsi@ Longley, Kyle. America. Wheeling: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 2002. I I ~ the Eagle’s Shadow: The United States and Latin As the twenty-first century dawned, Latin America became a distant star on the United States foreign policy radar screen, but Arizona State University history professor Kyle Longley advises that, given the history of inter-American relations, Latin America will again return to the forefront SELA Siinimer/Fdl 2003 of policy considerations. In a well-organized and written volume, Longley traces the history of relations between the two since the days of the American Revolution. He pursues the theme - U.S. hegemony - that often is used to characterize the relationship, but, at the same time, constantly reminds the reader that the Latin Americans were not always the compliant partners that conventional wisdom suggests. According to Longley, the United States pursued different tactics to achieve its goals. Military interventions became the most visible means of achieving U.S. objectives from 1846, with the outbreak of Mexican War, through the 1994 intervention in Haiti. U.S.economic pursuits were equally visible, as in the late nineteenth century search for markets and raw materials, Secretary of State Cordell Hull’s trade reciprocity program in the 1930s or the intention of the Free Trade Association of the Americas (FTAA) at the end of the twentieth century. Political and diplomatic persuasion witnessed in the 1907 and 1923 Central American Conferences and in the Organization of American States was another tool used by U.S. policymakers to achieve their objectives. The objectives varied. According to Longley, territorial expansion caused the Mexican War; idealism was used to mask U.S. security and economic during the interventions in the circum-Caribbean region during the early twentieth century; and the threat of communist intervention justified US. interventions in Guatemala in 1954, Cuba in 1961 and 1962, Chile in 1973 and Grenada in 1983. The Latin Americans often resisted U.S. efforts. From the days of Simon Bolivar in the early nineteenth century to Brazil’s contemporary effort to unify Latin America’s policy regarding the FTAA, the...