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438 Shorter BookReviews of slaves allowed. However, his account ignores substantial evidence, marshalled by such scholars as Russell Menard, that suggests Chesapeake plantersturned 10 slavery slowly, and only after the flow of immigrant white servants hadslowed considerably. Essays by William E. Gienapp on ''The Republican Partyandthe Slave Power," Stephen E. Maizlish on the politics of race in the northern Democratic Party, Arthur Zilversmit on Grant's handling of the freedmen,and John G. Sproat on the relatively peaceful desegregation of South Carolina are often thought-provoking, if not always convincing. More interesting is James Oakes' essay on the original creation of a southern aristocracy after the Civil War, and itsprojection back in time, as myth,byearly twentieth-century southern Progressives. Men such as U.B. Phillips, according!~ Oakes, made their own society's political and racial hierarchies legitimate by seeking their roots in antebellum times. Unfortunately, the essay does notstand well on its own, but requires the reader's acceptance of Oakes' previously published work on slaveholders. Nevertheless, it remains one of the book's highlights. Perhaps the best essay is that by Reid Mitchell, in which he addressesthe question of why so many non-slaveholders continued to support the planters' cause after the war was cl.earlylost. Mitchell finds his answer in the life anddeath experience of war, which "created loyalty in the soldier to those who suffered by his side, whether officers or common soldiers" (99). Such loyalty persisted during post-war politics in the Democratic Party. Ironically, Mitchell pointsout, leaders of the Farmer's AIIiance appealed, albeit with limited success, tothe common experience of Union and Confederate veterans in its effort to winsupport for its fight with eastern commercial interests. On the whole, Race and Slavery does not accurately reflect the talentsofits contributors, who seem to have assembled this volume in haste, anxioustoreturn to more pressing interests. But, in the end, it will be the products of thos€other interests that will truly honor Professor Stampp. Christopher Morris Department of History University of Florida t-Ieleri Hornbeck Tanner, ed. Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History. NomrnnUnivetsity of Oklahoma Press, 1987. xv + 224 pp. Maps & illus. More so than other histories, native histories tend to be vague and superficial unless their relations to the land, to other human groups and to movementsover time can be documented and understood. These are geographical themes, which is why maps were considered to be an important medium by the editors of thisbook Shorter Book Reviews 439 topmtraynativehistory. The aim of the book was, therefore, to present the reader witha historyof the natives of the Great Lakes area, made more intelligible with theuseof maps. ThetermAtlas in the title is unfortunate. An atlas is a bound volume of maps, usually introducedwith a shorttext or series of texts if the atlas covers a number of themes.By contrast, this volume is a history of some 240 pages of text including thebibliography and index. The thirty-six maps and eighty-one, mostly nineteenth -century, illustrations provide specificreference material for the history that isdevelopedin thetext. The mostdisappointing aspect of the relationship between textand maps is that the maps are not used to interpret history. Like a gazetteer atlas,the mapsare simply there to furnish locational information. No attempt was madeto use maps as a means to portray history as a dynamic process. This is cartography at its most unimaginative. Virtually every map is a static picture of native locations. Spatial changes such as migrations, the diffusion of diseases and expandingareas of settlement, or spatial relations such as alliances in trade and warandthosebetween native groups and the natural environment are not mapped, eventhough some of these changes and relationships are mentioned in the text. Evensimpledevices, such as an arrow to portray movement, or colour to portray linguistic,political or economic relations, were not used. This is not to say that colourwas ignored, but after reading the text and the maps very carefully, this n~viewer is still baffled by the colour schemes used to portray the village symbols present on almost all the maps. What, for example, have the Mingo and Ottawa in common that they are blue, the Potawatomi, Shawnee and Wyandot that they are red,the Ojibwa...

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