The Notion of Creation in the Druze Faith

The Tawḥīd (Druze faith) is a non-dualistic doctrine that differs from both pantheism, in which God is immanent in the world, and monotheism, in which God is exclusively transcendent. How can one reconcile the existence of the universe with the doctrine of non-dualism, according to which nothing exists outside God? How does Unity, that is, God, relate to the world of multiplicity without losing God's Oneness? In this essay, I will show that the notion of creation in the Tawḥīd is linked to two distinct modes of production in the world: ibdā' and khalq.