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Reviews Whither Canada: The Canadian Foreign and Defence Policy Debate THE NAME OF THE CHAMBER WAS PEACE. Ed. Janis Alton, Eric Fawcett, and L. Terrell Gardner. Toronto: Samuel Stevens, 1988. THE ROAD TO PEACE. Ed. Ernie Regehr and Simon Rosenblum. Toronto: James Lorimer, 1988. LAWYERS AND THE NUCLEAR DEBATE. Ed. Maxwell Cohen and Margaret E. Gouin. Ottawa: University ofOttawa Press, 1988. CANADA: THE MILITARY AND STRATEGIC PAWN. GerardS. Vano. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988. PIROUETTE: PIERRE TRUDEAU AND CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY. J.L. Granatstein and Robert Bothwell. Toronto: University ofToronto Press, 1990. DIPLOMACY OF FEAR: CANADA AND THE COLD WAR 1941-1948. Denis Smith. Toronto: University ofToronto Press, 1988. AIRWAR 2000. Ed. Brian MacDonald. Toronto: Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies, 1989. IN PURSUIT OF PEACE AND WESTERN SECURITY. William A.B. Campbell and RichardK. Melchin. Vancouver: The Canadian Conservative Centre, 1988. With the exception of the world wars, Canada has traditionally maintained a small military establishment. The defence policy community - those officials and analysts charged with the formation and study of Canadian defence policy - has been correspondingly small. ' The main cause for this diminutive strategic community has been Canada's geographical and historical position in world affairs. Isolated from Europe, with a small population and industrial base, and participating in wars in which strategic guidance was another power's prerogative, Journal ofCanadian Studies Vol. 25, No. 4 (Hiver 1990-91 Winter) Canada has had, in R.J. Sutherland's words, "no particular tradition of strategic calculation ." 2 Historically, foreign policy and defence policy have only rarely been issues of priority for Canadian policy-makers and the Canadian public. Nevertheless, the question of what direction Canadian foreign and· defence policy should take has sustained a steady ifsubdued debate since World War II. In the 1980s this debate widened and intensified as more members ofthe public took an interest in Canada's security affairs. In the context of what has been described as the second Cold War, a large volume ofliterature of varying political viewpoints emerged out of private and government funded research institutes and conferences, disarmament organizations, and the Canadian academic community. However, in general Canadians have remained largely indifferent and uninformed on defence and foreign policy matters. The eight books under review represent, for the most part, the full spectrum or range of political viewpoints and styles found in contemporary Canadian foreign and defence policy literature. The intent of this article is to provide more than a review ofthese works based on their own individual merits. It also attempts to reveal what normative visions various schools ofopinion have ofCanada's role in international security affairs, and provides a 'snapshot' of the current range of debate in Canadian foreign and defence policy literature. In general, Canadian foreign and defence policy debates revolve around three related issues. First, conceptions differ as to Canada's place and role in the international system. Is Canada a middle power, a small power, or a satellite state?3 Secondly, there are wide differences of opinion over what general direction Canadian policy should take given Canada's place and role in international affairs. Should Canada remain in the western alliance system, pursue an independent middle course, or become neutral? Third, there is debate over what specific policies Canada should adopt to promote this policy direction. Should Canada strengthen its armed forces, withdraw its forces from Europe, or demilitarize entirely? The scope 151 ofdebate is therefore very broad, with differing normative views on the direction ofCanadian foreign and defence policy based on divergent assumptions about Canada's place and role in international security affairs. It could be argued that there are two 'streams' of foreign and defence policy literature in Canada: a traditional, conservative literature emphasizing security analysis for a largely professional audience, and a revisionist literature focussed on disarmament issues and aimed at a wider public audience. However, any reader will recognize the dangers inherent in such a broad classificatory scheme. An injustice is done to many works which do not properly fit into eithercategory. It is more appropriate to place the books under review within a political spectrum, which provides a more flexible means ofcomparing political literature. Such a scheme will also provide some context for...

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