Science and Man by Aleš Hrdlička, Reinhold Niebuhr, Jacques Maritain, Alfred E. Cohn, Arthur H. Compton, Harold C. Urey, Waldemar Kaempffert, K. Koffka, Brand Blanshard, James T. Shotwell, Carl L. Becker, Julian Huxley, Bronislaw Malinowski, Frank Knight, Lewis Mumford, Walter B. Cannon, Karl T. Compton, Jean Piaget, Philip C. Jessup, Hans Kelsen, Harold D. Lasswell, Edwin G. Conklin, C. G. Jung, Ralph Barton Perry (review)

BOOK REVIEWS Science and Man. Twenty-four original essays by Ales Hrdlicka, Reinhold Niebuhr, Jacques Maritain, Alfred E. Cohn, Arthur H. Compton, Harold C. Urey, Waldemar Kaempffert, K. Koffka, Brand Blanshard, James T. Shotwell, Carl L. Becker, Julian Huxley, Bronislaw Malinowski , Frank Knight, Lewis Mumford, Walter B. Cannon, Karl T. Compton, Jean Piaget, Philip C. Jessup, Hans Kelsen, Harold D. Lasswell, Edwin G. Conklin, C. G. Jung, Ralph Barton Perry. Edited with an introduction and conclusion by RuTH NANDA ANSHEN. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 194!i!. Pp. viii +494 with index. $4.00. This is a significant volume, containing for the most part original essays by twenty-four prominent scholars. The work is divided into the following main topics: Science and the Universe (Hrdlicka, Niebuhr, Maritain , and Cohn), Science: Its Materials, Methods, Ends (Arthur Compton , ~aempfl'ert, Shotwell, Urey, Koffka, Blanshard), Science and Society (Malinowski, Becker, Huxley, Cannon, Karl Compton, Knight, Mumford), Science and Internationalism (Jessup, Kelsen, Lasswell), Science and the Individual (Piaget, Jung, Conklin, Perry). It is necessary to indicate the professed unifying theme of the work. This can be done succinctly by quoting some of the introductory words of the able editor of the "Science and Culture Series," Ruth Nanda Anshen: " Man is a totality; Man is a unity; and it is irrelevant to a true estimation of his nature to develop an infinite multiplicity of doctrines concerning his nature; a scientific one, a philosophical one, a psychological one, a religious one, a secular or a sociological one. All methods contribute (there may be many methods but only one doctrine) to one and the same realization: the indivisible unity of Man. Since Man is composed of every stratum of being, since Man includes every element of reality, every method must be employed in dealing with him." In the serious limitations of a review, only partial and inadequate estimations of so complex a product can be presented. I shall proceed, then, in a somewhat arbitrary manner by presenting only a few of the essays and, further, by commenting only upon a part of these. This is not, however , completely arbitrary. Some essays deserve special note, both favorable and unfavorable. But even all of these I cannot include, nor sufficiently expand the ones included, and in this respect there is inescapable arbitrariness . And the commentary itself must be ~ running one, more or less unconnected, rather than a comprehensive, unifying one. . Reinhold Niebuhr's essays on" Religion and Action" is a profound estimation of man as religious. His contrast between what he ·calls " culture 762 BOOK REVIEWS 763 religion " and " Biblical religion " puts in sharp contrast the difference between making God in the image of man and making man in the image of God. " The B'iblical conception of God as Creator and the doctrine. of the goodness of creation lead to very significant .consequences in the definition of the human situation." Here, staunchly put, is a forthright solution for human spirituality, an answer incommensurable with all " cultural religions," modern naturalism, and perhaps especially so-called modern liberal Christianity which has in effect denied the Christ of Christianity. For, as a summation of all that is only partial and inadequate in all other shades of religion, Christ "... is the divine Logos. At the Cross, human history comes to a full realization of the perennial contradiction in which it stands. Man recognizes not only that he cannot be his own end, but that he cannot be saved from the abortive effort of making himself his own end without a divine initiative which overcomes this rebellion in his heart." As is perhaps inevitable, Mr. Niebuhr raises the fundamental theological issue at the time of the Reformation, here cast in terms of the Protestant separation of justification and sanctification in St. Paul: " The symbol of salvation is not ' Christus in nobis ' but ' Christus pro nobis.' The relation between a divine power which overcomes sin in actual history and of a divine power which overcomes sin by taking it into itself is not completely clear in Pauline thought.'' · This is hardly the place to comment upon so vital and so completely fundamental an issue. It is to his credit that he puts the...