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Demons in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East
- Journal of Biblical Literature
- Society of Biblical Literature
- Volume 135, Number 3, 2016
- pp. 447-464
- 10.1353/jbl.2016.0028
- Article
- Additional Information
Does the Hebrew Bible refer to demons? Remarkably, the standard answer to this question has remained rather stable: although there are indeed traces of demons, there is no evidence of the sophisticated type of demonology that is found in Akkadian texts. While this may be true, a more fundamental point remains unanswered. Did the ancient Near Easterners view demons in the same way as modern scholars do, as intrinsically evil beings who deliberately choose to engage in malicious activities contrary to the wishes of the governing deity? Here the answer must be negative. The present article examines the issue of demons in the Hebrew Bible through an evaluation of an Akkadian subordinate supernatural being called