Programming for Generalization of Oral Reading Fluency Using Computer-Assisted Instruction and Changing Fluency Criteria

This study examined the effectiveness of a supplemental repeated reading intervention delivered through a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) program on the oral reading fluency (ORF), comprehension, and generalization of second graders who were at risk for reading failure. Six students received the Read Naturally Software Edition (RNSE) treatment passages three to four times a week for 7 to 12 weeks. A multiple baseline across participants design with embedded changing criteria tactics revealed ORF increases for all six participants. AIMSweb stories and classroom reading materials were used to assess clinical and classroom generalization. Five of the six participants increased their ORF on both generalization measures. Comprehension assessments revealed mixed results. Implications for urban students, generalization, limitations, and future research are discussed.