Terminology

L C O H O ~ ~ O , VOI. I I, pp. 326-327. 0Pergamon Press Ltd. 1978. Printed in Great Britain. TERMINOLOGY The terms defined below werc selected from artists’ Articles and Notes published in the previous issue of Lro/irirclo. Each definition is Followed by an indication of the volume and page number of Leorrtrrtlo on \\chic11the term first appears. The terms were not found in the art dictionaries among the dictionaries listed in Lro/rortlo 11, 68(1978),or they are used in a new sensc. Some are terms that have been carried over into the field of art from the natural and social sciences. from mathematics and from technology. Numbers in brackets, e.g. [ I I . 171. refer to the dictionaries mentioned above. The definitions arc not prcsuined to be unassailable. The editors would, thereforc. welcome the coniments of readers on the definitions presented. 889. Audio spectrumanalyzer (;/Ipli.wics)-An audio device that records and stores sound and, on command, produces on paper fixed to a rotating drum a contour pattern providing frequency and amplitude information. The device is utilized in speech pathology, voice identification, physiological investigations , engine noise analysis, etc. (11, 206) (cf. Term 891: cotl/oI/r/Jcl//cr/l) 890. Broken diagonal (in /iiathoiiatics)-A series of numbers in a magic square that is located, in part, along a line parallel to one of the diagonals and that can be revealed in full by extending the line across one side of the magic square into an adjoining identical magic square. (11, 207) (cf. Term 899: rilagie ,sqllr/rc) 891. Contour pattern (it1 pliysics)-A record obtained by nieans of an audio spectrum analyzer that presents a graph showing time on the x-axis and frequency on the y-axis. Amplitude information, on the z-axis, imagined perpendicular to the paper. is represented by coloring areas in steps of different graysrepresenting uniform stepsin amplitude(decibles).(1I, 206) (cf. Terms 889: rruclio sprctr~i~i~ cuialyzrr and 915: voice graph) 892. Countershading (it1 visriril or/)-Gradation in color from one tint or shade to another that is counter to that required to convey a feeling of three dimensions in depicted forms. Countershading is a camouflage technique for making 3dimensional objects look flat. (11, 203) 893. Disruptive patterning (in visual or/)-Patches or bands of color on objects that weaken their visual heterogeneity, as in camouflage. (11, 203) 894. Kaleido-sculpture device (ill visiial arr)-An optical devicedesigned and built by J. F. Watkins that containsmirrors, manually controlled movable elements and a light source, enclosed in a cabinet. An operator, looking through a viewing part sees images in motion reflected in the mirrors that give the illusion of ‘floating objects’ in space. (11, 219) 895. Lightscape (iri visuol or/)-Term coined by A. Mandello for pictures made by ‘drawing’ with a ‘pen’, bearing a small clear incandescent lamp, on a photo-sensitive surface, part of which may be masked with diverse materials. The photosensitive surface, such as positive photographic paper, is then developed. (11, 21 I ) 896. Luminance ( e l p/iotom~rrj3)-The ratio of the rate of transfer of visually effective radiant energy emitted per unit solid angleto the area of the sourceprojected on a plane perpendicular to the lineofsight. (I1,213);[R. W. Burnhani, R. M. Hanesand J. C. Bartleson, Color: A Gziide10 Basic Facts a d Coiicep/s(New York: John Wiley, 1963) p. 211 (cf. Terms 910: solid origle and 897: hulli/la/lce.fac/or) 897. Luminancefactor, relativeluminance (ill plio/otfiefrjj)The ratio of the luminance ofa surface to that ofa standard white surface. (11, 213) (cf: Term 896: lirriiinoricc) 898. Magic line (i/i iistial or/)-A line that connects consecutive numbers in a magic squareand, finally, returns to the initial number. (11, 207) (cf. Term 899: riiogic sqrrcire) 899. Magic square (in /iicif/ier,ia/icsl-A square array of numbers whose arrangement permits arithmetic summations to be made along certain paths (horizontal, vertical and diagonal) that lead to the same total. The making ofmagic squares is often used in recreational mathematics. (11, 207) 900. Muriatic acid (in cheriiisrrj)-A solution of hydrogen chloride gas in water. also called hydrochloric...