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76 Books At a different level, the two essays-Edward Shils, Faith, Utility, and the Legitimacy of Science, and Theodore Roszak, The Monster and theTitan: Science,Knowledge,and Gnosis, are addressed to such questions as why scientists should be concerned about public indifference, what constitutes ‘public faith’ in science,and why the public is inclined to view scientists as a combination of devil and creator. This collection of essayswill not be widely read by the general public, that public with which the writers are soconcerned, but it is certainly very important as a unique collection in the philosophy of science. It presents, in a comprehensive way, the concerns and a basic dilemma of scientists in the last quarter of this century. The dilemma is an unfortunate, but unavoidable one, based on the necessity for large-scale public support and widespread public suspicion of the eventualities of that support. The recent public uproar over the saccharin decision, in which the news media, guilty of serious distortions of the results of scientific inquiry, quickly convinced the public that the ban was unwarranted, is a case in which suspicions of science can only have been reinforced. It is quite obvious that if public support were not the central issue (and it is, simply because most of today’s research is enormously expensive) the scientific community would not be experiencing the particular kind of anxiety brought out in some of these essays. The agonizing over these questions has been part of the community’s soul-searching for quite a long timenow, and perhaps it might be beneficialif the theme were allowed to rest for a while. Scientists may be obliged to adopt a more philosophical attitude tdward their lot and to recognizethat, in the course of history, the relationships between a given institution and those apart from it almost alwaysmove in cycles. India in the Year 2000. J. C Kapur. India International Centre. New Delhi. 1975.54 pp. Rs. 12.00Reviewed by S.K. Ghaswala* This monograph forms the text of two lectures delivered by the author at the India International Centre, New Delhi, in early 1974 and in 1975, the first of which is entitled Framework for Survival and the second Vision and Approach. A third lecture, Strategy for Transformation, is yet to be delivered. Guessing the future of a largecountry like India is indeed very difficultand the author admits to this fact. However, on the basis of his own technical and philosophical intuition, which he propounds in his Preface and in a goodly portion of the first paper, he spells out certain broad avenues concerning India’s future. According to him, unemployment among both the educated and the uneducated will increase by 50% by 1980; India‘s urban population will increase by 40% and there will be 70% more slums by 1980; with the developing energy crisis, urban transport will be perpetually on the point of total breakdown; and the darkest clouds are appearing on India’s political horizon, necessitating drastic changes in policy. (With the election of the Janata Government and the defeat of the Congress Party, this change is already noticeable.) I believehe is right in suggesting that India needs hundreds of thousands of centres ofexcellence for transforming the ills of the society. However, it seemsvirtually impossible to implement the suggestion. He discussesthe issues of consumerism and raises three basic questions: Which technique of development to follow to offset the goals of consumerism? What level of consumption can be expected in terms of available resources and how can goods be equitably distributed? To resolve these, he proposes the establishment of community planning units of 500 to 1000 persons. For the present population of about 610 million. this would mean more than 600thousand units, perhaps an unwieldy number to plan for the country’s future. While the lectures are philosophical in outlook and general in approach, the set of data given in the Annexes presents quite realistic and technically useful information for future projections. There are, for instance, tables showing an estimated population growth, size of the labour force and of unemployment from 1974 to 1999; the potential of a livestock energy *Edena, 97 M. Karve Rd., Bombay 400020, India economy...

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