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Leonardo, Vol. 4, pp. 177-178. Pergamon Press 1971. Printed in Great Britain TERMINOLOGY The terms defined below were selected from articles and notes written by artists in the previous number ofLeonardo (cf. Ref. 11, below). The terms cannot be found in the art dictionaries consulted or are used in a new sense. Some are terms that have been carried over into the field of art from the natural and social sciences and from technology. The definitions are not presumed to be unassailable. The Editors would therefore welcome the comments of readers on the definitions presented. The following references have been consulted: 1. The Adeline Art Dictionary. Jules Adeline, Frederick Ungar, New York, 1967. 2. The Basic Dictionary ofScience. Ed. E. C. Graham, Macmillan, New York, 1965. 3. Britannica WorldLanguage Dictionary. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Chicago, 1962. 4. A Dictionary of Art and Artists. Peter and Linda Murray, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1959. 5. A Dictionary ofArt Terms. Reginald G. Hagger, Hawthorn Books, New York, 1962. 6. A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques. Ralph Mayer, Thomas Y. Crowell, New York, 1969. 7. Dictionary ofthe Arts. Martin L. Wolf, Philosophical Library, New York, 1951. 8. Dictionnaire polyglotte des termes d'art et d'archeologie. Louis Reau, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1953. 9. Glossary of Modern Art. John O'Dwyer and Raymond Le Mage, The Philosophical Library, New York. 10. The Harper Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. James R. Newman, Harper and Row, New York, 1963. 11. Leonardo, International Journal of the Contemporary Artist, 4, No.1, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1971. 12. Mathematics Dictionary. Third Edition, James and James, D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, 1968. 13. Pergamon Dictionary ofArt. John FitzMaurice Mills, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1965. 14. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. Third Edition, Revised with Addenda, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1965. 15. Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary. G. & C. Merriam, Springfield, Mass., 1967. 1. Binary digit (in communication theory) (cf. Bit, below) 2. Bit (in communication theory)-The term is an acronym for binary digit. It is a measure of the amount of information using a two-fold choice as the elementary unit. ([11] p. 3; [10]) (cf. Entropy, below) 3. Compressive stress (in strength ofmaterials)The force acting on a unit area when a body is subjected to compression. For example, if a rod is pushed at each end by a force, the compressive stress applied to the material is the amount of the force divided by the cross-sectional area of the rod perpendicular to the direction of the force. ([11] p. 23; [10]) (cf. Tensile stress, below) 4. Entropy (in physics and chemistry)-In a closed thermodynamic system, the measure of the amount of heat energy in it that is unavailable for 177 conversion into mechanical work. It is a measure of the disorder in the system. The concept of entropy is employed in an analogous sense in information theory denoting the amount of information measured in bits. ([11] p. 3; [2, 15]) (cf. Bit, above) 5. Equilateral triangle (in geometry)-A triangle having equal sides and, hence, equal angles. ([11] p. 55; [12]) 6. Gaussian law (in mathematics)-A continuous distribution having a particular probability density function that characterizes certain situations or phenomena involving large numbers of independent random variables. (Sometimes called normal law or normal probability law.) ([11] p. 3; [12]) (cf. Normalfrequency curve, below) 7. Hexahyp (in architecture)-The term is an acronym for Hexagonal Hyperbolic Paraboloid and 178 Terminology was coined by the architect Michael Burt for a structure consisting of geometrical configurations that also serve as boundaries of covering material in the shape of minimal surfaces. ([11] p. 24) (cf. Minimal surface, below) 8. Icosahedron (in geometry)-A solid bounded by 20 plane faces. A solid bounded by 20 equilateral triangles is called a regular icosahedron. ([11] p. 55; [3, 14]) (cf. Equilateral triangles, above) 9. Logogram-A letter, symbol or sign used to represent an entire word. ([11] p. 20; [15]) 10. Lucite-(cf. Polymethyl methacrylate, below) 11. Microphotograph-Avery smallphotographic print produced from a negative of normal size. ([2]) (cf. Photomicrograph, below) 12. Minimal surface (in geometry)-The surface described by a thin membrane, such as a soapsolution film, stretched within a...

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