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KEVIEWS 313 Even though this bookwas published in 1990, it isalready dated or,in the language ofthemilitary expert, obsolete. Forinstance, theWarsaw Pact no longer exists, either politically ormilitarily. Indeed, theformer East German army isnow a partoftheGemanBundeswehr, which belongs toNATOI And even thepro-military Conservative government of BrianMulroney seems to have given up believing thattroops in Europe resultin influence in European capitals. Jockel could nothave guessed government policy moreincorrectly whenhe wrotethatthe 'Canadian government will feeladditional incentives to stayin Germany, beyondwanting to contribute to European mbility andresponding totheurgings oftheusandotherallies. Ottawahas always believed, rightly orwrongly, thatCanadian Forces Europe provide a guarantee thatC, anad•'s voice would beheardinN^TO council' (103).More than everit nowappears thatCanadian Forces Europearelivingon borrowed time. Finally,Sorenson optimistically notesthat Canada's military forces areexpected to growto 90,000actives and40,000reservists by 1990 {6õ). That,however, wasin 1989.It seems thattheseauthors aresodosely allied withthemilitaryestablishment asto accept whitepaperpronouncements without thesortofrigorous analysis oneshould expect. Consequently, the analyses andjudgments contained in these pages aresuspect. I•RUCE MUIRHEAD/.z/J• University • andJapanin tht Twentieth Century. EditedbyJOHN SCHULTZ and•tIMITam .mWA. Toronto:OxfordUniversityPress 1991.Pp.xii, 2õ2,illus.$1`1.95 Canada and JapanintheTwentieth Century, asbefitsa bookanalysing a bilateral relationship, drawsalmostevenlyon the talents of Canadian andJapanese scholars. EightCanadians andseven Japanese contribute articles. Happilyfor Clio,editorsJohn Schultzand Kimitada Miwa chosenot to be so even handed in representing disciplines, soliciting contributions from twelve trained historians but just one sociologist, one politicalscientist, and one economist. Theircollection contains articles by PatRoyonJapanese immigration to Canada, by KazukoTsurumion Steveston's Japanese Canadians in the Second WorldWarera,byA. Hamish Ion onCanadian missionaries inJapan,by editor MiwaonE.H.Norman, byYukoOharaonJ.W.Dafoe andJapaneseCanadian Relations inthe1920s, byEberRice onSirHerbert Marlerandthe beginning ofCanada's mission inTokyo, byCarlVincent onthereasons {or the lack thereof) forthedispatch ofCanadian troops toHong Kong in 19'11, by Hisashi Takahashi onthebattlewhichdetermined thewoefulfateof those troops, byGregory Johnson onCanada anddiplomacy in theFarEastin the 1õ30s, by NobuyaBambaon Canadian-Japanese relations since1945,by Charles McMillan onrecent tradeandinvestment patterns between Canada •,14 THE CANADIAN HISTORICAL REVIEW andJapan, byHideo Sato onthetriangular trade relationship involving Canada, theUnited States, and Japan, byJack Saywell onthepatterns, prob. lems, andprospects fortheCanada-Japan axis, byJohnHowes onJapane•,e studies inCanada, andbyKensei Yoshida onCanadian studies inJapan. The artides fall into variouscategories. Most were written for th• collection, though Vincent's was excerpted, Saywell's reprinted, Sato's revised, and Ohara'sand Bamba's borrowedor adapted,then translated. present distillations ofmore extended research published elsewhere, thougla Ohara's, Rice's, Howe's, andYoshida's donot.Most examine verydo•y defined topics, though Bamba's andSaywell's areruminafive pieces d• with a rangeof significant issues overbroadsweeps of time.Mostarewritte• witha general Canadian-Japanese audience in mind,thoughMiwa's piece considers sucha specificsubject- E.H. Norman'ssuidde - in sucha• elliptical,if gracefuland culturallyaware fashion,that its significam:e threatens tobe lostto many. Individually, eachartideyields insights. To rite but oneexample: Rice's pieceonCanada's firstminister toJapansuggests tomethatperhaps there something to be regrettedin the passing of the gentlemandiplomat. To performhis job properly, SirHerbertMarletdetermined toimmerse himse• in the cultureofJapan.Wonderfully, hewaspreparedto spendgobs ofhi• own moneyin doingso.He wasevenwillingto loana financiallystraitened Canadiangovernment 'the needful'soit couldpurchasethe magnificent grounds it nowhasforitsTokyoembassy, thesaleof whichwouldgosome distance to retiringthenationaldebtl Cumulatively, the artidesare similarly suggestive. Canada's andJapan's contact pointsin thefirstpartof thecentury revolved aboutdiplomacy, the treatmentof peopleof Japanese descent in Canada,and the attempt to Christianize the Orient.Later,militarymattersassumed prominence, tobe displaced byquestions oftradeandinvestment. Andthat'swherethings now stand.Howeverregrettable the deepmaterialism inherentin the present relationship whichsubordinates everything to the mightyyen andthenot. so-mightydollar, this is, praisebe, a peacefulrelationshipand likelyto remainso.It isalsoanunequal one.Despite endaka, therisein thevalue the yen, and the consequent 'hollowing out' of Japanese industry, the Japanese economy has beenspectacularly successful in adapting andevolv'mg while,asJackSaywell notes, Canada andCanadians havebeencaught inthe staples trap.The Japanese buy our wood,wheat,and naturalgas.As Millan'sfigures show, theybuycomparatively littleof our technology. The bestefforts of thesmall bandofCanadianists inJapannotwithstanding, th• is, in part,because fewJapanese believe that'America north'hasmuch to offer besides pristinewilderness, naturalresources, and Anne of Gree• Gables. Thisis,inparttoo,because theJapanese areright,ornearly so. The REV•I EWS 315 staples trapanda comparatively (byJapanese standards) ill-educated and inflexible workforcedoom us to be the hewersof wood and the drawersof s•ater inourdealings with Nippon...

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