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REVIEWS 429 terrorist measuresof all varieties.The implementationof thesemeasures, someof themof questionable legality,did lead,contraryto thebeliefof the author, to the end of the crisis as well as to a severe curtailment of terrorist activity in Quebec by •972.Whattheauthorisless willingtoadmitisthatthe eventsalso helped to advancethe causeof the Parti Qu•b•cois. In the aftermath ofthecrisis a'myth,'aidedandabetted byfilmslikeLes Ordres, soon emerged to embellish the events. The 'myth'followedthe reasoning of the 'Declaration of Fifteen,'ledbyRen• L•vesque, adeclaration whichcalledfor a policyof negotiations for the releaseof the •l•q 'political'prisoners (240). Accordingto the 'myth,'the government of RobertBourassa hadhumiliated the Qu•b•coispeopleby deferringto a foreigngovernment in Ottawato resolvewhat was essentiallya crisiswithin the Qu•b•cois nation. This perception, nodoubt,helped toweaken theLiberalpartyintheeyes ofmany Qu•b•coisvotersandcontributedtoitsdefeatin a976. Thedemise oftheVl•Q was rathertragic andanti-climactic. Fournier argues thatit wasnottheintensive policeactivities, including the'dirtytricks,' which eventually undermined thev•.(•.Rather,it wastheserious ideological split whicheruptedwithinthemovement. Valli•reswentintoseclusion, denounced Gagnonfor abandoning the Vl•q,andthenemergedlaterto announce his support forthe•,• whiledenouncing once againhisformercolleague. Somuch forsolidarity! Gagnon setouttobuilda'revolutionary workers' organization' devoted to the achievementof both the classand national liberations,but attained littlesuccess. TheVl•q hadcome fullcircle frompolitics toterrorism to politics. Fournier also speculates atlength about various informers, including 'Poupette,' CaroledeVault,whomhecredits withproviding thepolice with verylittlesolidevidence. While it isevidentthat Fournierdoesnotcondone violence, 'itisnot ashortcut onthe road tofreedom' (344), itisabundantly clear throughout the text,especially by the useof language, that he wasquite sympathetic towards the Vl•qmovement. Nevertheless, he remains firmly convinced that the 'serious injustices' whichprovokedthe Vl•Q's rise still pervade theQuebec society. The tragicstoryoftheVl•q hasalso convinced him thatthese injustices mustbedealtwiththroughthedemocratic process. Now that the extensive spadework hasbeenaccomplished, historians facethe challenge ofexplaining moreaccurately andcarefully theriseandfalloftheVl•q. MICI-It, EI••). BEI-IIeI•S University ofOttawa AMilitary History ofCanada. •)eSMO•) MORTOn. Edmonton: HurtigPublishers a985.Pp.xiv,3o6,illus.$a9.95 Sous sixgrands titres(AncienRegime, BritishEmpire,YoungDominion, Great War,World WaretLong Cold War)eten266pages, AMilitary History of Canada tisse l'histoire politico-socio-militaire duCanada, depuis Champlain jusqu'/• Mulroney. Dans cecontexte, iln'est pas surprenant que certains th•mes 430 THE CANADIAN HISTORICAL REVIEW ne soientqu'effleur•s:ainsien est-ildes femmeset des &ancophones impliqu•s dans nos armies;del'identit•canadienne; desGanadiens consid•r•s comme ennemis durantlesdeuxgrandes guerresdecesi•cle. A lalecture, onserasans douteint•ress•parlestr•snombreuxjugements port•s par DesmondMorton. On pourra en endosserplusieurs.Ainsi accepte-t-on assez facilement quel'ontraite deh•ros(196)nos marins civils qui, durant la Deuxi•.meGuerre mondiale,sur des cargos1ourds, lentset pratiquement sans d•fense, voguaient surl'Atlantique Nord,off,tropsouvent, ilstrouvaient lamortsuitehdesattaques desous-marins allemands. Toutefois, lelecteur avertiremarquera que,laplupartdutemps, troppeu de preuves soutiennent lesopinions •misespar l'auteur.On estprat /• beaucoup luipardonner, • cet•gard,•tantdonn•l'ampleur delatfiche qu'ila voulur•aliser.Geladit, leserreursfactuelles et lesapproximations dangereuses sontnombreuses. Le style,,mortonien ,, efficace,caract•ris•par un humour caustique quim'afr•quemment faitsourire - •videmment, MackenzieKingenfaitsouvent lesfrais- nepeutcompl•.tement lesoblit•rer. Dans lapartiequiportesurl'Ancien r•gime,deloinlaplusfaibledulivre,le rapport quiestfaitdelamortdeJumonville laisse beaucoup • d•sirer.D'autre part,Mortonauraiteugrandint•r•t • consulter LeMarquis deDenonville, par JeanLeclerc. Enpassant, la partiedelabibliographie quitraitedetoutecette p•riodecitedeuxtextes defrancophones: LaGuerre delaconqugte qui(dans sa traduction anglaise) est,,interesting for contrast ,,(69)et un •crit ducolonel (g•n•ral,depuis)Jean Delmasdu Service historique del'Arm•e, enFrance. J'enveuxun peu• monsieur Mortonde v•hiculerdejeunesmythes que lui-m•meouses successeurs auront,plustard,latfiche ded•truire. ,•Interferencewith merit and seniorityfor the sakeof linguisticbalanceoffended cherished principles ,, (288-9) estune phrase qui offensera plusieurs militaires ,&ancophones ou anglophones bilingues, qui n'ignorentpascertains faits.Premi•rement, il y a toujours eudes,,d•viations ,,danslespromotions. Deuxi•mement,dansnosForcesarmies contemporaines, ces•cartssont, d'une part,extr•mement rares et,d'autre part,parfaitementjustifi•s: or,ceux qui ont •t• faits pour accroitre,h certainsniveaux,la proportiondes francophones dansles forcesou, encore,l'usagede la languefranaise, r•pondenth cesdeux caract•ristiques. Un officier, premier sur salistede promotion, maisunilingueanglais, doit-il•tre promuetaffect•aucommandementd 'uneunit• de languefranaisealorsqu'hquelques dixi•mesde point derri•relui setrouveun francophone bilingueenti•rementqualifi•pourle poste? Ce textede Mortonest,certes,plusagraableh lire queceluide George Stanley, dansNosSoldats. Malheureusement, A MilitaryHistory ofCanada, qui traitedes troisarmes, plut•St quedelaseule arm•edeterre,estloinsous labarre fix•e par Stanley,voiciplusde trente ans,quant h la precision et...

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