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90 THE CANADIAN HISTORICAL REVIEW andprovincial governments, for most oftheaction issetwithintheexisting ornewly createdprovincial realism. Yet it isnoteasyto discern a themeto thebook.The patternof steady spread of settlement andaccompanying economic growthmarks thecharacter ofoccupance ofagricuhurallandsandtheaccessible areas offorestand mining wealth. Activityin the real north is, in contrast,sporadic,intense,and short-lived, andiscompletely incharacter witha regionthatprotects itswealthwith thehostilechallengeof harshclimate,distance, andisolation. The author hasdemonstrated that the openingof the Canadiannorth wasuniquelydifferentfromtheconquest oftheAmerican west, andinpart,fromapprehensionof theexperience andpressure from belowtheborder,theroleof government in controlandasplannerfor changecomes clear.Dominionauthorityalmostalways arrivedsynchronously or in advance of newdevelopments andi•nmigration; Arctic sovereignty was,bygovernment action,notreallyallowedtobequestioned successfully .The patternof government goingbefore,withlaws,railways, resource allocations ,and developmentfollowingis not without its failures,asProfessorZaslow makesusaware.However,it isinterestingto learntheextenttowhichsomegovernmentsdeveloped arationalresource planningapproachwithexploration,inventory, analysis, andallocation. In writing thishistory,Professor Zaslowhasmanagedto leavethe reader the feelingthat it ishistory from the north, and not simplyfor or of the north. This achievement comesin part bythe attentionpaidto nativepeopleand their contacts withtradersandmissionaries - thefirsttimethatthissubject hasbeenintegrated into theoverallstoryof northernCanada. Historians andothersshouldwelcome thisverywellwrittenbookwhichbroadens ourunderstanding of Canadianhistorybytreatingthatregionofthecountrywithout whichCanadians wouldhavelessreasonto feel distinctive, secure,optimistic,and proud. J.K. STAGER U,iz,er•'i(¾ qfBriti,•h Columbia Not a O•te-WayStreet:The Autobiography ofJame,•S. Du•tca•t.J^M•Ss. OUNC^N. Toronto/Vancouver, Clarke,Irwin, •97•. Pp.x, •6•. $9.•5. Fortheauthoritative history of Massey-Harris/Massey-Ferguson duringthepresidency (194•-56) ofJames s.Duncan, thereader willhavetoconsult E.P.Neufeld's massive study, A Global Corporatio• (Toronto•969).Neufeldcredits Duncan with 'great contributions' tothecompany's success intheearlyyears ofhisleadership, but blames himlargely forthecompany's near-bankruptcy bythemid-•95os duetohis failureto understand or approveof moderntechniques of organization andmanagement . Duncan's ownautobiography offersnocompelling reason torevise those judg•nents. Instead,it reinforces Neufeld'spictureof Duncanasa conservative 'companyqnan,' educated in thebusiness andin some ways a master of it,butalso disastrously hostile toorganizational theory,management consultants, outsiders in general,and academic theorists in particular.The title retbrsto an attributeof loyalty,and Mr Duncan'hasneverhad muchtime for thosewhose approachto business istoughandruthless, andwhose interests arecentered infinancial gain.' REVIEWS 91 Hisbookwillbemostusefultohistorians asthelife storyof afairlyrepresentative memberof a transitional groupof Canadianbusiness leaders:the faithful servants whoinheritedestablished companies from their entrepreneurialparents,minded the storeswith varyingdegreesof success, and then turned them over, not always willingly,to a succeeding generation of tough,professional financiers andadministrators .Duncanoffersonly a few tantalizinghintsabouthisactivitiesasa dollar-ayearbusinessman in C.D. Howe'swartimeOttawaandsays littleabouthistenureas chairmanofOntarioHydro from •956to I961. Nor doesheoffer anyafterthoughts abouthisnotuninteresting attempts in the 195os andearly 196os toalertCanadians tothedynamism andmenace of thesystems of 'StateCapitalism' in ChinaandRussia (see,amongotherwritings,Russia's Bid]%r WorldSupremacy andABusinessman Looks at RedChina).There areafewveryquotable vignettes in thebookwhichnicelyillustrate Duncan'sbusiness principles.These, combinedwith the overall shortageof biographiesof twentieth-century Canadianbusiness leaders,makeit likelythatwhilethe firstprintingwillprobablyberemainderedatabout89e,thebookwilleventuallysell at apremiumin thesecond-hand stores. MICHAEL BLISS Universi(v qfToronto ThePaperTyrant:John Ross Robertson qftheToronto Telegram. RON POULTON. Toronto/ Vancouver, Clarke,Irwin, •97I. Pp.x, •7. $7.5ø. JohnRoss Robertson wasindeeda giantin theworldof Canadian journalism.In somemeasurehislife seems a fit subject for one of thosestereotyped novelsof business success which the Victorian loved. Born in Toronto of Scottish immigrants ,broughtup in a close-knit familyof comfortablemeans,and educatedat Upper CanadaCollege,Robertsonprovedthe perfectentrepreneur,practising those famous bourgeois virtues of thrift,industry, andphilanthropy andendinghis life a millionairerespectedby his community.Moreover,he achievedthis in a profession whichcontemporaries recognized wasrarelya source of largefortunes. The key to Robertson's success washisperceptionof the changingcharacterof thereadingpublicin latenineteenth-century Toronto,a changeresultingfrom the spreadof literacyandthegrowthof thecity's population.AlongwithHugh Graham who tbundedthe MontrealStar,Robertson wasthe first practitionerof 'people's journalism,'a kind of journalismmuchmore popular and sensational (and more superficial) thanhadbeennormalin Canada. Previously, Torontonewspapers had beenpartyjournals,appealingto a limitedaudience of professionals andbusinessmen .Butin •876,afteroneabortive start,Robertson began aone-cent evening paper unconnected with anyparty,a paperwhoseattentionto the localscene, crusades against corruption inhighplaces, andblatant chauvinism catered tothepassions and prejudices ofworkingmen, clerks, andthelike.Thepaperwas astoundingly successful :though theTorontopress scene was fiercely competitive, andapparently dominated bytheLiberal Globe andtheConservative Mail,theTelegram quickly established itselfasthecity's familynewspaper, andthusastheprimeadvertising mediumfor localbusinessmen. For overthirtyyearsthe Telegram beatoff all challenges, its position onlythreatened towardtheendof Robertsoh's life bytheriseof a very ...

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