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The Red River at Lào Cai, 1876–1877.
Photograph by Émile Gsell.
Source: Ghesquière (2001, 224).
The Politics of Frontier Mining: Local Chieftains, Chinese Miners, and Upland Society in the Nông Văn Vân Uprising in the Sino-Vietnamese Border Area, 1833–1835
Cross-Border Brides: Vietnamese Wives, Chinese Husbands in a Border-Area Fishing Village