Terra Universitatis: Два века университетской культуры в Казани по Е. А. Вишленкова, С. Ю. Малышева, А. А. Сальникова (review)

473 Ab Imperio, 3/2008 в рамках старых аналитических подходов. В довершение к этому японские специалисты чувству- ют себя самодостаточно в своей родной стране – славянские ис- следования имеют в Японии от- носительно давнюю традицию, и японский славист без труда найдет дома широкий круг коллег и читательскую аудиторию.4 Хочется надеяться, что со временем японская славистика преодолеет свою замкнутость и имеющийся научный потенциал будет полностью реализован. Японским славистам есть чем по- делиться с мировым сообществом ученых, и книга “Пространствен- ные факторы в формировании партийных систем”, демонстри- рующая читателю и оригиналь- ный теоретический подход к проблеме изучения регионов, и отличное знание авторами сбор- ника фактологии, – лучшее тому доказательство. 4 См.: H. Kimura. SlavicArea Studies in Japan: Features and Tasks // O. Ieda (Ed.). Where are Slavic Eurasian Studies Headed in the 21st Century? / Occasional Papers on “Making a Discipline of Slavic Eurasian Studies”. 2005. No. 7. http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/ publish/no7/09kimura.pdf (Последний раз проверялась 15 августа 2008 г.). Krista SIGLER Е. А. Вишленкова, С. Ю. Ма- лышева, А. А. Сальникова. Terra Universitatis: Два века универ- ситетской культуры в Казани. Казань: Издательство Казанского государственного университета, 2005. 498 с., илл. ISBN: 5-98180197 -2. As the story of the European University in St. Petersburg currently demonstrates, universities serve as potent symbols. More than mere providers of upper-level education, universities build micro communities dedicated to values of free thought and discussion. In Terra Universitatis , E. A. Vishlenkova, S. Iu. Malysheva , and A. A. Sal’nikova work together to prove the significance of the university by focusing on one particular model of it, Kazan State University. Their work of cultural anthropology, attempting to define the many facets of university life, suggests strongly that universities are bastions of independent thought and valuable contributors to their surrounding societies. From the 1800s to the present day, the authors show a remarkably stable institution , marked by extensive links to their community, tight bonds within, 474 Рецензии/Reviews and eagerness for independent thought. To analyze this institution, the authors take a multi-faceted approach , essentially splitting the six-chapter book into three different fields of methodology: architectural history, more traditional social/cultural analysis, and an anthropological discussion of campus symbols and rituals. The first chapter, on the building of the university, is a useful addition to our knowledge of architectural history. Whereas William Craft Brumfeld and others have studied chiefly Moscow and St. Petersburg, the authors of Terra Universitatis looked at a provincial university. In the discussion of the university architecture, the authors show how a handful of buildings erected before 1800 were turned, as a nod to Alexander I’s Western European tastes, into a grand example of neoclassicism by 1804. In the following years, utility took over prestige , however, as new buildings were designed to meet special needs, like the astronomy observatory, or the anatomy theater. The most important buildings were not just within the university campus: the authors make the point quite persuasively that the outlying area of the city of Kazan was inspired as an extension of the university. They include both non-academic buildings (Gostinyi Dvor, located on the same street as the main university campus) and academic buildings (the suburban observatory) to show this. While the thrust of their analysis is in the first century of the university’s existence , they do not omit the present, noting that the Faculty of Chemistry building was built using student labor in 1954, and suggesting that the entire university’s presence is a landmark for the city of Kazan – an architectural-memorial zone, in the authors’ words (Р. 81). While the first chapter dwells on the physical structure of the university , chapters two through five deal with issues related to social and cultural history, each zooming in closer towards everyday life at the school. This is a novel contribution to Russian scholarship, which has yet to extensively study the cultural life of the university. (Rebecca Friedman’s study is the most recent example of this1 ). Chapter two is a study of the people in the university, which is presented as a “world” of its own. This chapter, analyzing the sociability within the university, highlights the familial nature of life on campus: from the professors’ association, to the presence of professorial families on campus, to the students’ organizations , to even the servants on campus. The authors are careful to make note of new patterns of social 1 Rebecca Friedman. Masculinity, Autocracy, and the Russian University, 1804-1863. Houndmills, 2005. 475 Ab Imperio, 3/2008 how the university emerged with an ambition of becoming an imperial think-tank, but under Nicholas I had to reconsider its role (with professors being eager to retreat into their specialties, and students aspiring for a greater political independence). A similar crisis of collective identity happened in the 1930s, at the peak of Stalinism. The authors point out that this was the most dangerous time for the university, particularly because of the accusations of cosmopolitanism and sympathy with the West...