The Paris Entries of Charles IX and Elisabeth of Austria 1571. With an Analysis of Simon Bouquet’s ‘Bref et Sommaire Recueil.’ by Victor E. Graham, W. McAllister Johnson (review)

50 designated. He traces the roots of our periodization of history in medieval Christian historiography and develops an interesting criticism of the traditional divisions into 'early,' 'high,' and 'late' Middle Ages, while suggesting a revision that would more properly relate political, economic, and intellectual developments to one another. The next essay, by Giles Constable, emerges naturally from this introduction, and after a remarkably informative survey of the attitudes of historians to monasticism , concludes with consideration of three particular issues illustrating the present state of critical reflection: the problem of the relation between the Rule of St Benedict and 'Benedictinism'; the character of reformed monasticism in the tenth and eleventh centuries, and the origins and character of the Cistercian order. Three other essays in the volume Robert Folz's discussion of 'Charlemagne and His Empire,' Sylvia Thrupp's 'Medieval Economic Achievement in Perspective,' and Bertie Wilkinson's 'The Historian and the Late Middle Ages in England' also review modern historical writing to indicate the direction of scholarship. W.T.H. Jackson discusses 'The Changing Face of Medieval Literature' to introduce another discipline. He indicates the movement away from the philological and linguistic preoccupations of nineteenth-century scholarship , and at the same time, points out some of the dangers latent in more recent techniques of allegorical interpretation and the study of topoi. Armand Maurer traces the history of 'Medieval Philosophy and Its Historians' from Victor Cousin, in the early nineteenth century, to Etienne Gilson, concluding: 'Gilson proved that Victor Cousin was right: the philosophy of the Middle Ages was in fact theology: Finally, Vaclav Mudroch's memorial essay on 'Medieval Heresy: Gleanings and Reflections ' touches on theology, social movements, and historiography in a comprehensive way that brings this volume suitably to a close. Historiography is thus presented as a study in changing presuppositions and methodologies as well as a bibliographical phenomenon. The collection is well unified in theme and in general, clearly presented, and it should be an informative and stimulating gUide both to teachers and students of all aspects of medieval culture. (JAMES K. MCCONICA, CSB) Victor E. Graham and W. McAllister Johnson, The Paris Entries of Charles IX and Elisabeth of Austria '57'. With an Analysis of Simon Bouquet's 'Bref et Sommaire Recueil.' University of Toronto Press, xii, 473, $25.00 In '972 Professors Graham and Johnson of the University of Toronto gave us the first critical edition of Etienne Jodelle's Recueil des Inscriptions of '558, composed by the member of the PI.iade for a celebration of the recapture of Calais from the English. Now the same scholars have turned their attention to the literary and artistic documents that were generated by the entry into Paris by Charles IX and his young queen, Elisabeth of Austria. This marriage occasioned two triumphal processions, one before and the other after the coronation of Elisabeth at St Denis. The complexity of the task - for the sixteenth-century entrepreneurs and for the twentieth-century interpreters - was of king-sized proportions. The introduction of 89 pages clears the way. Quite naturally one wonders, first of all, who was Simon Bouquet (not to be found in Cioranesco, Cabeen-Schutz, or Grente). On page 8 we are informed that the 'general supervision of the entire programme was entrusted to Simon Bouquet, one of the four Echevins, and there is no doubt that he took the leading role in its planning and co-ordination.' The organizational and intellectual capabilities of this 'cultivated politician' are not eulogized and his verses, unpublished up to that point, are called unpretentious. In point of fact they do not suffer unduly from the company of Ronsard and Dorat, who were actively connected with the literary embellishments of the festivities. Of course there were many lesser and would-be poets who were anxious to associate themselves with the occasion. Among these, Charles de Navi.res (1544-1616) emerges as a figure of considerable importance, at least in this context, and his long Poeme historial divise en 5 chants has a title that indicates the main stages of the celebrations: La Renommee, sus les receptions aSedan, mariage do Mezieres, couronnement aSaindenis et entrees aParis du Roy et de la Royne (Paris 1571...