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490 tq LETIERS IN CANADA: 1959 c. P. Gilmour of McMaster University has published his lectures to university freshmen. Gilmour has been lecturing for over twenty-five years to such classes. and the published version reflects the scholarship of an earlier period. The influence of more recent European scholars such as Dibelius. Cullmann. and Bultmann is not much in evidence throughout the book. P. B. Garland ofMajor Seminary ofSt. Thomas Aquinas in Ottawa has published his dissertation on The Dtjnition oj Sacrament According to Saint Thomas (University of Ottawa Press. pp. x. lI5. $4.00). This was prepared for defence at the Pontifical Angelicum in Rome and is presented in typical dissertation form: first the exposition of the definition. both the "nominal" and the "real"; then its application to the sacrament and the mode of its application. Finally as a piece de resistance in book production must be mentioned a book sponsored by the Holy Blossom Congregation in Toronto in celebration of its centennial in 1956. It is A People and Its Faith: Essays on Jews and Reform Judaism in a Changing Carlada. edited by A. Rose (University ofToronto Press. pp. xvi. 204. $5.00). The volume is divided into four sections: history. relations, existence. and faith, with three or four essays by various specialists comprising each section. This book is not only a beautiful technical production; it is also a good book. (JOHN W. WEVERS) ART In Portraits ojGreatness (University ofToronto Press. pp. 208. 191 plates, $17.50). Yousuf Karsh reveals himself not only as an artist of power and insight but as a thoughtful and articulate literary stylist. Portraits ofGreatness is an apt title for this international gallery ofgifted twentieth-century personalities which must, and does, include the author himself The total impact of the book is the sum of three factors: the fascination latent in acknowledged greatness. the wizard artistry of the photographer. and the outstanding printing craftsmanship displayed in its design and manufacture . Much could be said under each of these headings, but what must be commented upon is the validity of the artist's employment of the camera as a means towards the expression of ideas and concepts, apart from objective data. A portrait must always necessarily contain characteristics of both the HUMANITIES tq 49I sitter and the artist. In a painted portrait the relationship ofthese characteristics varies considerably. In many cases the painter confesses much more about himself than he reveals about his sitter. The camera, without the directing genius of the artist, returns optical impact only, the uncritical mechanical image of the solid body confronting it. Whether the portrait be painted or photographed, the image must be manipulated, processed, and humanized by the discriminating mind of the experienced artist, and this is what we discover in these extraordinary studies by Yousuf Karsh. His camera immediately establishes the indisputable framework of identity, and simultaneously surrounds the separate personalities with a penumbra of artistry that sets each study apart as an individual discovery and projection of character and, in this series, of greatness. In the langClage of painting criticism, these portraits may be s>id to be baroque in style; lighting is controlled to produce a dramatic context. In such portraits as those of Augustus John, Jean Cocteau, Gilbert Murray, and Konrad Adenauer, there is almost an effect of baroque tactility, a surprising illusion in a photograph, inasmuch as in painting such an effect is obtained by the use ofheavy pigmentation, impasto. This is truly a great accomplishment and a great book. Two years ago the Board ofTrustees ofthe National Gallery ofCanada published Volume I ofa proposed three-volume catalogue of the national collection. The National Gallery of Canada Catalogue of Paintings and Sculpture, II: Modern European Schools, edited by R. H. Hubbard (University ofToronto Press, pp. xii, 234, illus., $ro.oo), a work approaching twice the physical size ofthe first book, includes all works ofEuropean and British painting and sculpture of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries , as well as all other schools with the exception of Canadian, to which the third and final volume will be devoted. This new publication, when added to the earlier one, underlines the increasing importance of the National Gallery...

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