Fear and Loathing in Berlin: German Military Culture at the Turn of the 1930s

The traditional scholarship on the history of the civil-military relations in the Weimar Republic emphasizes the military establishment’s hostility toward the civilian leadership, based on the former’s lack of democratic principles. Yet a closer look at the military’s own publications in the latter years of the republic reveals a deeper sense of insecurity and alienation emerging from the experience of the World War I and the Versailles process, which helped shape the contours of military culture at the turn of the 1930s.