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Biological Inheritance and Cultural Evolution in Nietzsche’s Genealogy
- The Journal of Nietzsche Studies
- Penn State University Press
- Volume 44, Issue 2, Summer 2013
- pp. 329-341
- Article
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Nietzsche’s investigation into the origins of morality bears some striking similarities to contemporary investigations into human evolution. Here I investigate these similarities, using a comparison between Nietzsche’s GM and Gould and Lewontin’s influential “Spandrels” essay as a departure point. I argue that Nietzsche defends a proto-evolutionary psychology about morality, where the inheritance of enduring biological drives conflicts with our culturally evolved moral system. While Nietzsche’s claims about the evolution of morality fit well within a Darwinian framework of natural selection, his claims about our underlying biology do not. Those claims cohere better with the non-Darwinian views found in nineteenth-century German biology and embryology.