Libri Nigromantici: The Good, the Bad, and the Ambiguous in John of Morigny's Flowers of Heavenly Teaching

John of Morigny is one of a scant handful of fourteenth-century authors who admit to using several kinds of magic including necromancy, yet the evidence offered by his major work, the Flowers of Heavenly Teaching, about late medieval construction of of these darker magical categories remains largely unexplored. This article takes a closer look at evidence in this text for John's construction of nigromantia, in particular the middle ground of the nigromancia that was on occasion construed as licit, or at least not as sinful as practices involving deliberate and conscious demonic invocation.