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The Wrath ofAeneas: Iliad 13.455-67 and 20.75-352 David Cramer University ofTexas, Austin In Book 13 oftheIliad, when theTrojan Deiphobus is hard pressed by Idomeneus and looks for help, he finds Aeneas standing at the back ofthe throng because ofhis u/t)vls towards Priam, who had not given him the honor he deserved (13.459-61): t?? d ??tat?? eupev ?µ???? êo-ta?t · alel ?a? ????µf epeµ???,e d??, ???e? a? eoflAov e??ta µet a???as?? ?? tu Tueoxev. . .. and he [Deiphobus] found him [Aeneas] standing at the outer edge ofthebattle, sincehe [Aeneas] was foreverdirectinghis wrath (µ???,?) towards Zeus-like Priam because great though he was, Priam did not honor him among his people. Deiphobus persuades Aeneas to rejoin the fighting by telling him that Alcathoiis, Aeneas' brother-in-law who had helped raise him, has fallen at the hands ofIdomeneus (13.463—7): This is an expanded version ofa paper I delivered at the CAMWS conference in 1995. I wish to thank both the editor and the anonymous reader, as well as Erwin Cook, Thomas Hubbard, and Karl Galinsky for their many valuable suggestions. CRAMER: THE WRATH OF AENEAS17 Alveia, ????? ß????f??e, ??? ae µ??a ??? ?aµß?? ?µ???µe?a?, eu tt?? tC ae ??d?? ixaveu. ???' eireu, ???a??? ?-paµ???µe?, d? ae tt???? ye. ?aµß??? eà>v é9pei|je d?µ??,? évu t?t??? ???ta· t?? d? toi. ?d?µ€?€?? d???????t?? e^evápu^ev. Aeneas, adviser oftheTrojans, nowyou must protectyourbrotherin -law, ifindeed you care at all for your kinsmen. But come, let us bear aid to Alcarhoiis who although only a brother-in-law, took care ofyou before at home when you were a child; spear-famed Idomeneus has killed him. This scene from Book 13 is alluded to in the context ofAchilles' first fight since he has given up his u.t¡vls, the duel between Aeneas and Achilles in Book 20.1 There, Achilles taunts Aeneas with the claim that even ifhewere to win the duel, Priamwould still not putyepas into his hands (20.178-83): Auveia, t?. s? t?ss?? ¿µ???? tt????? ?ttß????¡??t??; ? s? ?€ ??µ?? ?µ?? µa??sas?a?. avüryeu 4?·p?µ€??? Tpiieaauv ????e?,? l·tGtrodáµousL ^µ?? t?? G^?µ??; ?ta? eu kcv ?µ' èÇevapi^Tjs, ?? TOU t???€?? ?€ ???aµ?? ???a? èv ?€?? 8r|aeu· eùalv ??? ou tta?d€?, ? d' €µtt€d?? ??d' aes?f???. Aeneas, why have you taken a stand so far in front ofthe crowd? Does your heart bid you to fight me in hope ofruling the dignity of Priam among the horse-taming Trojans? But even ifyou were to kill me, Priam would not for that reason put a gift ofhonor in your hand. For he has sons, and he is neither weak nor senseless. As is well known, Aeneas is the onlyhuman character in theIliad^whose anger is expressed with a form ofthe word µ,????, with the exception of "the reciprocal anger of Achilles as the individual warrior against Agamemnon as king ofthe collectiveAchaeans"(Nagy 1999, 266). Elsewhere the noun is used of divine emotion.2 One must ask why this 1 Nagy (1999) 266-67. 2 ibid., 265—66. See also Watkins. On the broader significance ofµt?a? for hierarchy and social order, see Muellner, especially 26: "But menu is not just a term for an emotional state. It is a sanction meant to guarantee and maintain the integrity ofthe worldorder, every time it is invoked, the hierarchy ofthe cosmos is at stake." On the 1 8 SYLLECTA CLASSICA 1 1 (2000) should be so. Is this simply the sloppiness ofa poet composing on-thefly ? Is it evidence that this passage is the work ofa later hand, attempting to compose in the style ofthe Iliadwithout fully understanding its subdesemanticdistinctions?Why, moreover, isAeneas' relationshipwith Priam described in terms which mirror so closelyAchilles' relationship with Agamemnon? Why is the withdrawal and return pattern that informs the story ofAchilles' angry withdrawal from fighting also attributed to Aeneas, though in miniature?3 Gregory Nagy, the only scholar to treat the issue ofAeneas' µ???d, believes that µ???d does indeed serve to relate the two heroes.4 He argues (1999, 267) that these passages suggest the existence of another epic tradition centered on Aeneas which treats similar themes: There is...

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