Magistri Alexandri de Hales Glossa in quatuor libros Sententiarum Petri Lombardi, III: In Librum Tertium By Magistri Alexandri de Hales (review)

Book Reviews89 And as for the relationships mentioned by Lottin, one has to remember that the author studied psychology and morals only; consequently, it does not necessarily follow that A depends on B for his entire theological system or all his writings, just because A is influenced by B in psychological doctrine. These observations are by no means intended to detract from the value of Lottin's chronological index or his work in general. It is only suggested that intelligent use be made of the chronological table and its different features, as well as of the entire work. E. M. Buytaert, O. F. M. Magistri Alexandri de Hales Glossa in quatuor libros Sententiarum Petri Lombardi, III : In Librum Tertium, edit. PP. Collegii S. Bonaventurae, (Bibhotheca Franciscana scholastica medii aevi, 14), Quaracchi, 1954; 36*—611 pp. This third volume of the Gloss of Alexander of Hales, prepared by Frs. V. Doucet, C. Piana and G. Gal, certainly measures up to the high standards of text-editing which the Fathers of Quaracchi have set for themselves. In the learned Introduction a word is said about Vat. Lat. 14345, a manuscript recently discovered by A. Dondaine, O.P., which allegedly may contain fragments of the Gloss of Alexander. The Editors of Quarracchi, though they did not fully study the codex, already discovered that the rubric Al., at least in a number of cases, stands for Albertos Magnus, and not for Alexander of Hales. They note, also, that they did not discover any of the texts of the codex in the genuine work of Alexander. The main codices upon which the edition is based are againAEL. The three manuscripts represent three different redactions. A or Assisi, Comunale 189 has the oldest redaction, dated from about 1225—1227; E or Erfurt, Amploniana O. 68 comes close to the preceding codex for the passages which they have in common, but otherwise has many additions. Some of these additions correspond more or less to the additions of codex L (Lambeth 347), but the main text of the latter differs rather constantly from A. The redactions contained in E and L were made not long after A. The Editors believe that L was redacted before 1230; the redactor seems to have been Alexander himself, though it is not absolutely excluded that it was one of his disciples. The Gloss III depends on the Summa áurea of William of Auxerre. It influenced the Summa de bono of Philip the Chancelor in such a way that it does some damage to the commonly accepted opinion that Philip was an extremely independent author. Note in passing that Dom Lottin in 1948—1949 still believed that Alexander was influenced by Philip, and not vice-versa. Hugh of St. Cher wrote his Commentarium after redactionA, but before redactionE; still the Editors do not believe that Hugh was influenced by the Gloss, but that he and Alexander used common sources; but De anima et virtutibus of Joannes de Rupella was influenced by the Gloss, mainly indirectly, namely through Philip the Chancelor. Though the Summa Halesiana did not copy extensively from the Gloss III, there is enough evidence to conclude that the authors of the Summa had redactions A and L on hand. Richard Rufus, also, used both these redactions. 90FRANCISCAN STUDIES The rules followed for the redaction of the critical apparatus are the same as in the first two volumes. However, for the edition of the texts a new system was adopted. In the other volumes, the additions of E, for instance, were constantly printed under the main text. In this third volume, for each distinction , we first read the text of redaction A with the corresponding passages of redaction E; in second place, but in smaller letters comes redaction L; thirdly, in the same smaller print, the additions of redaction E; on one occasion a long marginal note of codex A, written by a later hand, is printed after the additions of codex E. To make a comparison of the redactions easier, a great number of cross-references have been added, frequently at the end of the paragraphs. This new system, one feels, was the best solution to the problem of the Editors...