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594 LANGUAGE, VOLUME 70, NUMBER 3 (1994) This book contains twenty-six articles originally presented at the XXI Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages in 1991. LSRL is an annual conference that welcomes papers on all aspects of Romance languages in any theoretical framework, with the goal of providing a forum for quality work in Romance. It is widely accepted as doing just that, and the conference attracts both well-established and new scholars. LSRL XXI was no exception: we have papers here by three keynote speakers, Yakov Malkiel (The centers of gravity in nineteenth-century Romance linguistics', 3-18), Carmen Silva-CorvalAn ('On the permeability of grammars: Evidence from Spanish and English contact", 19-44), and Oswald Ducrot ('Opérateurs argumentatifs et analyse de textes', 45-64), as well as by other renowned scholars, including Andrea Calabrese ('Palatalization processes in the history of Romance languages: A theoretical study', 65-84), Bernard Tranel ('Moraic theory and French liaison', 97-112), Edward Tuttle ('Closed communities and nasal enhancement in northern Italy', 139-48), Jürgen Klausenburger ('On the evolution of Latin verbal inflection into Romance: Change in parameter setting?', 165-76), Grant Goodall ('Spec of IP and spec of CP in Spanish wh-questions ', 199-210), Paola Bentivoglio ('Full NPs in spoken Spanish: A discourse profile', 211-24), Julia Herschensohn (? postfunctionalist perspective on French psych unaccusatives ', 237-48), and Dieter Wanner ('Multiple clitic linearization principles', 281-302). While the above list is only partial, it is representative of the papers in the volume, of which fully seventeen concern syntax, semantics, or discourse structure. Nine papers are on French, eight on Spanish, one on a comparison of French and Spanish, and only a few on other Romance languages—a disappointing range for LSRL. There are no general themes running through the book (which we wouldn't expect, given the goals of this conference), yet several papers intersect. First, Calabrese's paper argues that palatalization involves a medial step in which we have double articulation, and he focuses attention on the feature of coronality. Pilar Prieto (The PA effect of coronals on vowels in Romance', 85-96) again looks at coronality , but explores how coronals influence the fronting of vowels. Second, Tranel's paper exposes problems for moraic theory in accounting for liaison. Then Michael Mazzola ('French rhythm and French segments', 1 13-26) argues that the resolution of underlying stress clashes creates the environment for the operation of deletion rules, including the deletion of liaison segments. And, finally, Daan De Jong ('Sociophonological aspects of Montreal French liaison', 127-38) distinguishes four different types of liaison in Montreal French. Third, Haike Jacobs (The phonology of enclisis and proclisis in Gallo-Romance and Old French', 149-64) gives an analysis of cliticization as being within the prosodie word. Then Julie Auger ('More evidence for verbal agreement -marking in colloquial French', 177-98) looks at so-called subject pronominal clitics and argues they are affixal agreement markers. Mariette Champagne ('From Old French to Modern French: The evolution of the inflectional system', 259-70) deals extensively with clitics in arguing that diachronic changes in clitic placement (including clitic climbing) are the result of changes in the nature of verbal inflection. And, finally, Wanner's paper points out thorny problems for clitic ordering, arguing that descriptive adequacy requires that we admit multiple clitic classes and ad-hoc, learned linearization principles. Still other areas covered include issues of movement (negative fronting, extraction from NPs, and wn-movement, all three papers being on Spanish) and definiteness (one paper on Spanish and another on Brazilian Portuguese). This is a rich and interesting volume, iflimited in the languages covered and variable in the quality of the papers. [Donna Jo Napoli, Swarthmore College.] The English language: A historical introduction . By Charles Barber. (Cambridge approaches to linguistics .) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Pp. xii, 299. Cloth $49.95, paper $15.95. This book, though barely larger than pocket size, is a remarkably complete survey of the development and present state of the English language . As the titles of the book and of the series to which it belongs indicate, it is at the elementary level, suitable for British sixth formers and American college freshmen...

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