Theory and method in lexicography: Western and non-Western perspectives Ed. by Ladislav Zgusta (review)

BOOK NOTICES 251 searchers and advanced undergraduates with an interest in application will find it especially useful , since it provides a meeting ground for investigators with basic and applied orientations. The book has seven parts, each containing two or three papers, juxtaposed so as to stimulate thought. Part I, 'Past and present issues in psycholinguistics', contains two insightful and well-written papers: Aaronson and Rieber's 'Controversial issues in psycholinguistics' provides an insightful overview of the book, while a paper by Rieber and H. Vetter on 'Theoretical and historical roots of psycholinguistic research ' traces psycholinguistic thought from Descartes to the present. Part II, 'Research orientations', places Aaronson 's cognitive approach to lexical and sentential coding next to Kurt Salzinger's behavioristic approach to 'ecolinguistics', i.e. language behavior under natural circumstances. Part III, on 'Phonology', juxtaposes two less conflicting theoretical frameworks: ? survey of generative phonology', by Sanford Schane, provides a linguistic orientation, while 'Phonology as human behavior', by William Diver, provides a psycholinguistic one. Part IV, 'Language and cognition', approaches the core ofpsycholinguistics. In 'What is language?', Charles Osgood points out fundamental similarities and differences between the forms and functions of human, animal, and insect communication. David McNeill's intriguing paper, 'Natural processing units ofspeech', discusses connections between action (especially gestures) and meaning (especially 'sensori -motor ideas'). Terence Langendoen's 'The role of grammar in the use of language' considers the role of linguistics in devising performance grammars. Part V, 'Language development', contains two important papers. Jerry Bruner, 'Learning how to do things with words', summarizes several lines of research illustrating the impact of mother-child interaction on early communicative accomplishments. Michael Maratsos, 'How to get from words to sentences', develops a model incorporating interdependence of semantics and 'distributional' syntax, in order to explain how children make the leap from semantic categories to object categories in the environment. Part VI 'Paralinguistic aspects of communication ', also contains two papers. Starkey Duncan , 'Face-to-face interaction', evaluates an 'ethnomethodological' approach to communication , and surveys the methodological underpinnings of various research efforts in this area. The juxtaposed 'Conversational rhythms', by Joseph Jaffe, Samuel Anderson, and Daniel Stern, proposes a Markov interpretation of rhythms in syllabic stress, phonological phrases, and monolog alternations. Part VII, 'Applications of psycholinguistics', examines the evaluation and possible treatment of neurological, therapeutic, and educational problems. David Howes, 'The naming act and its disruption in aphasia', analyses the production of names for familiar objects. Donald Spence, 'Language in psychotherapy', examines linguistic patterns in therapeutic situations, illustrating the usefulness of syntactic, semantic , and pragmatic information in the clinical evaluation and subsequent treatment of clients. Aaron Carton and Lawrence Castiglione, 'Educational linguistics', argue persuasively for investigations into the domain of reading and creativity in language, foreign-language education , and language-learning disabilities. Difficulties with the book are infrequent and insignificant. But the reader should take note: this book requires your active participation in resolving widely different methods, styles, preconceptions , and theoretical frameworks. You may find the variety of approaches refreshing, distracting, disturbing, or painful, depending on your degree of emotional involvement. As for implications and applications, the latter are disappointingly weak—while the former are largely up to you, the reader. And as Miller points out (p. x), one implication you must strive to ignore in reading this book is that psycholinguistics is an academic donnybrook or Hobbesian war of everyone against everyone else. [Donald G. MacKay and Jack Dwyer, UCLA.] Theory and method in lexicography: Western and non-Western perspectives . Ed. by Ladislav Zgusta. Columbia, SC: Hornbeam Press, 1980. Pp. vii, 189. Being above all else a citizen of the world, Zgusta was a singularly felicitous choice first to convoke, in July 1978, a special one-day meeting of the Dictionary Society of North America on the Urbana campus, and second to publish, barely twenty months later, a slim but acceptable volume (except for a scattering of misprints ) which, despite certain additions and 252 LANGUAGE, VOLUME 57, NUMBER 1 (1981) deletions, deserves to be called an outgrowth of that conference. Such episodes of Z's own academic life as his upbringing and philological training in Prague, and consequent familiarity with Central European culture as a whole; his early specialization in Ancient Near...