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BOOK REVIEWS735 which Morsey attributes to the backstairs intrigues of reactionary agrarian friends of the elderly president. Some of Hindenburg's advisers were very unhappy ??eG the unpopularity of Brüning's severe deflationary course which made that chanceUor dependent on the passive support of the Social Democrats , who were hated by the Hindenburg inner circle. In my estimation die seventíî volume is one ofthe best in die series ofwhich it is a part. It contains articles on two idealists who became victims of the criminal Nazi regime, Fritz GerUtz, a courageous Bavarian editor, and Max Metzger, the priest leader of??e CathoUc peace movement. There are outers on Cardinal Joseph Frings, ??e of die leading movers at the SecondVatican CouncU, and on two scholars of considerable international repute, Karl Rahner, the theologian, and Hubert Jedin, the church historian. Scholars interested Ui recent German poUtical history wUl find it worthwhUe to read the articles on the checkered careers of the gifted Bavarian parUamentarian, Franz Xaver Strauss, who held several high cabinet posts but never achieved his life's goal, the West German chanceUorship, and Kurt Kiesinger, like Matthias Erzberger, a Württemberger, who served for a few years Ui the late 1960's as chanceUor but whose poUtical career seemed to go into a decline afterwards. One cannot help after exarnintfig some of die volumes in this series but be impressed by the amount of attention which German CathoUcs have devoted to the social question. It is highly fitting, therefore, that the last article of this seventh volume is a splendid tribute by Anton Rauscher to Oswald von NeUBreuning , SJ., the prominent priest social theorist and activist, who died a few years ago at the age of one hundred and one and who had been active tUl shortly before his death. He had been highly respected and even liked in both labor and business circles Ui West Germany and had been the recipient of honors from his government and many universities. Only he could have said that "we [social reformers] aU stand on the shoulders of Karl Marx" without coming under fire from business representatives and that "the employer is sometimes Ui the right"without hearing angry protests from labor's side. His was a long Ufe of impressive usefulness. John Zeender The Catholic University ofAmerica Les Carnets du Cardinal Baudrillart (1914-1918). Texte présenté, étabU et annoté par Paul Christophe. (Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf. 1994. Pp. 1047. 210FF.) Paul Christophe notes that the direct coUaboration of Cardinal BaudriUart (1859-1942) with the Germans during World War II (à la Maréchal Pétain) has cast this important figure m French and church history m a bad Ught. Hence,his low profile from the perspective ofhistorians. 736BOOK REVIEWS Alfred BaudriUart, from a French famUy engaged in politics, Uterary and scientific endeavors, experienced the War of 1870, foUowed a priestly vocation, and studied under some of the most briUiant French inteUectuals before embarking on a teaching career. In 1883, he began to work at the Institut catholique in Paris, received a doctorate in 1890, and entered the Oratoire as a novice. Ordained a priest in 1893, he took the chair of modern history at the Institut the foUowing year. He became the director in 1907, a position he held throughout the war. In these memoirs BaudriUart comments on World War I as "a mirror of the moral chaos of France." He reveals his private ambitions: to be the superior general of the Oratoire; to be a member of the Académie française (cherished even as a chtfd); to be a bishop—and then his constant self-reminder that he should not be wishing for these material goals. This complex personaUty offers fascinating observations on his travels to Rome and visits with the Pope (he disliked the papal ambivalence on the war) and with Gasparri, to Spain ("a country of utter chaos"), and to the front Unes Ui Alsace. The American reader wUl be most interested in his travelogue on the United States, which culminates Ui a meeting with President WUson. The future cardinal expresses the fear that this American Protestant president may have taken the moral authority in the...

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