Pope Innocent III and His World ed. by John C. Moore (review)

BOOK REVIEWS109 ously, is nowhere mentioned by Dr. Nicolson in her otherwise very helpful notes—and the second, IP 2, based on the Anglo-Norman Estoire de la Guerre Sainte by Ambroise. In deciding to translate Stubbs's edition she took the simplest and most sensible course since he had taken as his base manuscript an expanded text, including some matter from Howden and Diceto which was tacked on later in the thirteenth century. Here then we have the most complete version of the chronicle in readily accessible form. Dr. Nicolson has successfully achieved her aim of producing readable modern English while staying close to the original Latin. Just occasionally she has amplified in ways which could mislead . For example, the addition of the word 'Europe' when it is not there in the Latin (Book I, cc. 10 and 11) might deceive those studying ideas of Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. My one regret is that the opportunity to provide a full translation of IP 1 , as well as of Richard de Templo's text, was not quite grasped. This would have required no more than to give the former in the footnotes on those rare occasions, as in Book I, cc. 11, 25, 33, and 40, when Richard de Templo altered IPl 's words. Dr. Nicolson has provided an admirably lucid introduction, discussing the relationship between Richard de Templo's text and its sources—though without considering Hannes Möhring's suggestion that IPl could have been written as late as early 1 194, nor using the discussion in his Saladin und der Dritte Kreuzzug (Wiesbaden, 1980). Given the importance of naval matters, another surprising omission from her bibliography is J. H. Pryor, Geography, Technology and War. Studies in the Maritime History of the Mediterranean 649-1571 (Cambridge, 1988). She suggests that Richard de Templo may himself have participated in the crusade as a young man—he died in 1248 or later—and thus that what he added to IPl and Ambroise may have been based on his own memories . But despite the fact that he was a great enthusiast for the crusader-king, his only additions of substance are a description of Richard at his coronation and details of his itinerary from Tours to Marseille. Given that itineraries sometimes circulated separately, her suggestion, though not impossible, seems unlikely . However it would be wrong to end on a skeptical note. Thanks to Dr. Nicolson, students can now read an enthralling account of the dramatic five years between Saladin's victory at Hattin in 1187 and the truce negotiated by Richard I in 1 192, that fierce conflict which Richard de Templo saw as an intercontinental struggle, Christian Europe taking on the combined forces of Muslim Asia and Africa. John Gillingham London School ofEconomics and Political Science Pope Innocent III and His World. Edited by John C. Moore. (Brookfield, Vermont : Ashgate. 1999. Pp. xix, 389. $86.95.) Pope Innocent III and his World is the product of the Hofstra Conference of May 1997, which jumped the gun on the celebrations for the 800"1 anniversary 110BOOK REVIEWS of the accession of Lotario dei Conti di Segni to the papal chair. Hence the swift appearance in print of twenty-three papers fitted into a four-part structure: firstly, "Innocent III and his Milieu"; secondly, "Shepherding the Flock"; thirdly, "Denning and Using Papal Power"; and finally, "Encountering the Muslim World." Professor Moore is a scholar well known for past studies on Innocent Ill's pontificate. Among a string of influential articles, his "Lotario dei Conti di Segni in the 1180s" (Archivum Historiae Pontiflciae, Vol. 29, 1991) looked closely at the pope's career before his elevation, and by deft redating produced arguments which could extend the time of Lotario's legal studies; and more recently , in 1994 (Römische Historische Mitteilungen,Vol. 36), another important article examined the Pope's sermons, emphasizing his remarkable knowledge of the Bible. He has thus added substantially to two particular areas of investigation , to which we shall return in a moment. As editor of this volume he has done a remarkable job in shaping a structure, and, in explaining this, he has provided an...