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488BOOK REVIEWS Catholic Devotion in Victorian England. By Mary Heimann. [Oxford Historical Monographs.] (NewYork: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press. 1995. Pp. x, 253. $49.95.) The author of this ambitious study notes that her purpose has been "to incorporate devotion, that voluntary and explicitly religious aspect of the Faith, into a social and inteUectual understanding of CathoUcism in England in the second half of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth" (p. vi). Her intention, she adds,has been"to put many of the assumptions of English CafhoUc historiography to the test, whUe at the same time uncovering the field of devotion as an independent area of Interest" (p. 5). She is aware of the complexities ofthe issues involved in her effort.The extensive bibUography and the use made of it are evidence of the care that she has taken to support her conclusions . Dr. Heimann, at the outset, discusses and convincingly refutes the basic supposition of the so-called "Second Spring" approach to devotion, that is, one based upon the exaggerated view that prior to the CathoUc reUef acts in the late eighteenth century and Catholic Emancipation in 1829, EngUsh Catholics were unable to reflect their devotion publicly "without fear of actual imprisonment" (p. 11). Heimann also discounts the later influence upon devotion of the socaUed "Uberal-ultramontane struggle." The complexities of the issues may be found in the career of Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman, one of the truly significant figures inVictorian England who warmly embraced Latin devotions. As Heimann points out, his formative years had been spent rn Rome. In a puzzling note, however, she states that "he grew up in Spain and Ireland" (p. 19, n. 64). He left Spain for Ireland at the age of two, and he was not yet eight when he moved to Ushaw CoUege, Durham, where he came under the influence of men like John Lingard, Robert Tate, and George Brown, the future bishop of Liverpool. None of the three was identified with Latin tastes. Lingard, who later objected to the enthusiasm ofWiseman as weU as that of Newman,was nevertheless the author ofthe popular hymn"Queen of Heaven the Ocean Star." It has often been noted that Irish immigration had a major impact upon the growth of Catholic devotional practice in England. Here again, Heimann offers a revisionist approach, pointing out that many of those who fled to England in the 1840's were far from earnest in their reUgious practices in Ireland. Most were in no position to develop them in England.The CathoUc Revival in nineteenth-century England was nevertheless real, as Dr. Heimann acknowledges and describes as "a distinctive reUgious outlook among CathoUcs, both nominal and practicing, Uving in England" (p. 137). She argues, however, that "it was an Invigorated EngUsh recusant tradition, not a Roman one, which was most successful in capturing the Imagination of CathoUcs living in England from the middle of the nineteenth century to the early years of the twentieth" (p. 137). Until the twentieth century, the author points out,"it was The Garden of the Soul rather than the Roman Raccolta which continued to be used by BOOK REVIEWS489 CathoUcs living in England, whether for private prayer or in assisting at Mass or Benediction." She notes that "those extra-liturgical forms which came to be practised with increasing regularity were devotions which had also been favourites in the recusant tradition" (p. 138). Heimann insists that CathoUcs in England "remained as English as the Scots remained Scottish," but adds that "in their holy aspiration to accept one another as CathoUcs first, despite class, ethnic , and political differences, they had also become more cathoUc in the other sense," and finaUy that "this CathoUc world within England was not an outpost of Rome but remained both an English and a Catholic community" (p. 173). The book is a fine one.The very complexity ofits subject matter should incite other scholars to further research and dialogue. RJ. Schiefen University ofSt. Thomas, Houston Catholic Church Music in Ireland, 1878-1903: The Cecilian Reform Movement . By Kieran Anthony Daly. (DubUn: Four Courts Press. Distributed by International Specialized Book Services, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 1995. Pp. vU, 189. $30...

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