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Hebrew Studies 35 (1994) 113 Reviews 17 If you say in your heart, 'These nations are greater than I; how can I dispossess them?' 18 you shall not be afraid of them, but you shall remember what the Lord your God did to Pharaoh and to all Egypt, 19 the great trials which our eyes saw, the signs, the wonders, the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm, by which the Lord your God brought you out; so will the Lord your God do to all the peoples of whom you are afraid. He comments: It is implicit in this section that the Israelite occupation of Canaan was not all plain sailing. There were setbacks and opposition (7:17-18, 22). This is in keeping with the older tradition (Judg 1) but rather at odds with the highly theologized and idealized account presented by the Deuteronomic historian. (Josh II:16-20; 21:43-45) 7:18-21 "Remember" (Heb. zakar) does not imply a mere printout of facts from the past but a vivid "reliving" of the past situation, with a deliberate recourse to the divine help that was evident then. This concept plays an important role throughout Deuteronomy. The people are called upon to remember : God (Deut. 8:18), God's action (11:3), the desert journey (8:2), the past (32:7), oppression in Egypt (e.g., 15:15), the hostility of the Amalekites (25:17, 19). Every such "remembrance" has power to alter current attitudes and conditions (cf. the "remembering of Jesus" at the Lord's Supper; 1 Cor. 11:24). Throughout Deuteronomy: Word and Presence I found evidence of an infonned, experienced instructor who writes with clarity and felicity. One should expect as much; Cairns has authored five earlier books, including another commentary on Deuteronomy. A brief bibliography completes the book which was carefully edited. I discovered only one typographical error. This book would certainly be of value to the target audience. Cairns has hit the mark. It simply is not the ground-breaking, heavily documented work that critical scholars would fmd useful. Keith N. Schoville University ofWisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706 SOURCES OF THE PENTATEUCH: TEXTS, INTRODUCTIONS, ANNOTATIONS. By Antony F. Campbell and Mark A. O'Brien. Pp. xix + 266. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1992. Paper, $29.95. Pentateuchal source criticism entered its mature phase in the nineteenth century with the work of K. Graf, A. Kuenen, and J. Wellhausen. Hebrew Studies 35 (1994) 114 Reviews Refinements through the early twentieth century led to what most would consider a near-definitive presentation of its results in Martin Noth's A History ofPentateuchal Traditions (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1972 [German original, 1948]; hereafter HPD. In recent decades significant challenges to the source-critical consensus have arisen on several fronts; nowadays biblical critics are more likely to speak of ferment than of consensus . Campbell and O'Brien have prepared this volume to help students of modem biblical criticism evaluate the source-critical hypothesis in the context of the current debate. The authors do not intend to enter the debate themselves. Their starting point is that "a successful challenge to any scholarly position must always confront the opposition in its strongest form" (p. ix). Their aim, therefore, is to set out in clear, "user-friendly" fashion, a single, consistent, strong presentation of the hypothesis. They have chosen Noth's, as spelled out in HPT. The introductory chapter offers a succinct, helpful history of source criticism from the seventeenth century to the present, with emphasis on Noth's contributions. A lucid section considers recent challenges under three headings : modifications to the source hypothesis, replacement by a hypothesis of tradition and redaction history, and replacement by a literary approach. Since the authors' concern is the source critical hypothesis, their treatment of challenges from literary criticism is restricted to one dimension: literary criticism's claim that textual phenomena which source criticism interprets as signs of disunity can be understood as techniques of emphasis, delay, and so on. They do not advert to the more theoretical questions literary criticism raises about the nature of textual interpretation: Is it author-oriented (i.e., finding meaning in an originating intention), text-oriented (Le., finding meaning in...

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