"Duro: Bilingual Puns in "The Undefeated"

Repetition of words, such as the obvious echoing of "like" in "Up in Michigan, "Cat in the Rain" and "Soldier's Home," occurs throughout Hemingway's oeuvre. Sometimes the echoing is not so readily apparent because what is repeated is the same word, but in a different language. For example, "rabbit" in For Whom the Bell Tolls, is echoed by the Spanish conejo. In "The Undefeated," Hemingway repeats the Spanish word "duro," as well as its English translations and its cognates, particularly the Spanish durar and the French durer, to last. As he frequently wrote, "Il faut d'abord durer"—"Above all, one must endure."