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BOOK REVIEWS 181 the changing attitudes ofthis vibrant section ofIndia's population. With their secular and cosmopolitan attitude, diey are introducing India to consumer protection, the environment, and urban conservation. Hopefully the Indian middle class will be an important part of the one billion people who are anticipated to enjoy consumetspending power in Asia by the year 2000, and lead the Indian elephant ahead ofdie Chinese dragon. Unfortunately, even when she seems to be building her most coherent description of this vital hope of India, she can suddenly take off into a discussion on the Indian Foreign Service. The last foray is fortunately the best It is divided into diree sections which deal respectively with die major Soviet influence on Indian foreign policy during the Cold Waryears, India's relations with its neighbors, and the tenuous relationship India has forged with die United States. She explains Indians' contradictory attitude towards foreigners. This paradoxical attitude is tainted by an insecurity stemming in part from the colonial experience and, at the same time, includes a strong sense of cultural superiority, especially in relation to other Asian peoples. Indeed, India will have to realize that the world does not have this love-hate relationship with India, something even its foreign secretaries proudly believe. India will have to compete with the many new competitors for economic and political importance. To play a more successful role in world affairs, it will have to improve its relations with its neighbors and develop a more organized foreign policy. On the whole, Facing the Twenty-First Century is poorly organized and largely incohesive. Yet the issues mentioned and sporadically dealt with are crucial to India and, indeed, to the whole world. The last few years have shown the economic progress ofwhich India is capable, but also die disastrous bungling of state policy in handling the potentially explosive Hindu-Muslim conflict. India has at least faced the twenty-first century; it remains to be seen how its people will do. Turkey's New Geopolitics: From the Balkans to Western ChinaBy Graham E. Fuller and Ian O. Lesser, with Paul B. Henze and J.F. Brown. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1 993. $51 .50/Hardcover, $1 5.85/Softcover. Reviewed by Terry A. Pratt. Mr. Pratt holds an MA from SAIS. The end of the bipolar era has accorded many nations the opportunity or necessity to reformulate their domestic and foreign policies to accommodate their new geopolitical visions. Turkey is a benefactor of this global change, but may also be a victim. Turkey is reformulating its relations with Russia, the Turkic Central Asian republics, Middle East nations, and its Black Sea and Balkan neighbors. The cost to Turkey comes from the apparent loss of strategic value within the North Adantic Treaty Organization (NATO) framework, and hence the West, now that the communist threat has waned. Though firmly attached to Western institutions and ideals by the founder ofdie republic, Mustafa Kemal, or Ataturk, the Turks must now choose which direction of the compass towards which to orient themselves. One 182 SAIS Review WINTER-SPRING 1994 difficulty is that great uncertainty lies on every border. A second problem is that solving current difficulties may require the Turks to discard or rethink several of Ataturk's founding principles that have been rigorously followed by the Turkish people for 70 years. He and his successors resisted the urge to become entangled in regional antagonisms, but this may no longer be possible. Ataturk also presided over a Turkish nation-state; his successors must accommodate several ethnic groups, most noticeably die Kurds, in a less nationalist legal and cultural framework. A group of international analysts from the RAND Corporation have produced a useful survey of Turkey's new geopolitics. The effort is brief, but it provides die reader with a stepping stone for more in-depth research. Graham Fuller and Paul Henze, both analysts with much professional experience regarding Turkey, joined widi Ian Lesser, a European and Mediterranean analyst, and J.F. Brown, a former RAND analyst, to provide this broad survey of Turkey's recent internal dynamics, foreign relations, and future policy possibilities. Unfortunately, the publication date preceded important regional events, such as the deadi...

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