Notes

62 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION NOTES ABRONZE memorial tablet bearing a likeness of William Penn and quotations from his writings describing his hopes for Philadelphia was presented to the city on Twelfth Month 9, 1936, by Chapter Two of the Colonial Dames of America. At the presentation ceremonies, held in the eastern entrance of the City Hall where the tablet was unveiled by Peter Penn-Gaskell Hall, a descendant of William Penn, President William W. Comfort of Haverford College spoke of the faith and courage which inspired Penn, and of the obligation of present Philadelphians to adhere to the ideals of the city's founder. (( A NEW View of William Penn" is the title of a brief article in·*¦*· Pennsylvania History, vol. iv, No. 2 (April, 1937), pp. 103-105, in which Burton Alva Konkle defends the thesis that William Penn's essential greatness has not been fully grasped even by his biographers. In contrast to the usual estimates of Penn as a great Quaker or a great early internationalist or an interesting colonist, Mr. Konkle holds him up as one who achieves actual genius in several fields, working out his life against the background of the great upheaval in the British Empire in which the struggle for parliamentary supremacy over absolutism was won by the parliamentarians. He closes with a suggestion that Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey unite in erecting a monument to Penn at a point near where their three boundaries meet. T-1HE SOCIAL development of Quakerism is a conspicuous element throughout E. D. Bebb's Nonconformity and Social and Economic Life 1660-1800 (London, Epworth Press, 1935). A careful estimate of the numbers, wealth and influence of nonconformists in England is followed by a study of their own discipline and their relation to the state. Personal responsibility on matters of money, group responsibility for poverty, the questions of prisons and of slavery, are all treated. There is something about "Bezenet" (sic) and more about Bellers. There is a wealth of statistical material with much reference to literature on the subject. The advantage of the book is that it places Quakerism in the perspective of other nonconformist movements, especially Methodism. The author rightly emphasizes the importance of nonconformity's contribution to social and economic life and attempts to explain how its views grew out of its religious position. Whenever special studies of a more connected sort are undertaken of our Quaker sociology much useful information can be culled from this volume. ~DED, BLACK, & WHITE is the title of a booklet on the history of¦*¦*¦ Carthagena, Ohio, written by Ulrich F. Mueller, C.P.P.S., and published without printer's name, place, or date in the spring of 1935. Its interest to Friends lies in the account of the attempt by Augustus Wattles NOTES63 and his wife, of Cincinnati, to plant a colony of free Negroes in Mercer County, Ohio, in 1835. They were not Friends, but in 1842 their educational efforts for the colony received the support of a fund left to trustees ,by the will of Samuel Emlen, Jr. (1770-1837) of Burlington, N. J. On account of the hostility of the whites the "Emlen Institution for the Benefit of Children of African and Indian Descent," as it was called, had a short life in this location. The Negroes moved in fright from the community. Wattles resigned and moved to Kansas, and the property was sold in 1857. The site of the colony and institute is now owned largely by St. Charles Seminary, a Roman Catholic foundation established originally by missionaries to the Indians of the Congregation of the Most Precious Blood. The information about Friends and the Emlen Institute was collected for this work largely by Miss Margery Miller, Librarian of the Carnegie Library, Celina, Ohio. "\iffILES Mark Fisher of Durham, N. C, contributes to the September,¦"¦*¦ 1935, issue of Church History an article on "Friends of Humanity: a Quaker Anti-Slavery Influence." After reviewing briefly the rise of antislavery feeling among Friends he argues that the beginnings of a similar radical attitude in other denominations were due to Quaker influence and that the name Friends of Humanity which some of these radicals adopted...