From the Editor

FRO M THE ED IT OR Olu Oguibe jdt^ k u sm an e So w 's ap p ear an ce on t h e b an k s of t h e Sei n e i n Mar ch —w h i ch Sal ah Hassan wr i t es ab o u t i n t h i s is-| E 3& su e—r ecal l s an ear l i er m o m en t i n t i m e, a d i f f er en t er a w h en Par i s h el d t h e d i st i n ct i o n f o r t o l er an ce of ex pa- • t r i at es an d ex p at r i at e cu l t u r e. I t r ecalls a t i m e w h en ar t i st s an d w r i t er s an d m u si ci an s, so m e of t h em b l ack , IB HI f o u n d r ef u g e i n a ci t y t h at accep t ed an d ap p r eci at ed t h em . Beg i n n i n g wi t h j az z m u si ci an s like Louis ^QtF Ar m st r o n g an d p er f o r m er s like Jo s ep h i n e Bak er ear l y i n t h e cen t u r y, t o w r i t er s such as Ri ch ar d Wr i g h t an d Ja m e s Bal d w i n af t er t h e war , ar t i st s of col or co n si d er ed Par is a g o o d p l ayi n g g r o u n d f or t h e ad van cem en t of t h ei r wo r k . Af r i can an d Af r o- Car i b b ean w r i t er s an d i n t el l ect u al s esp eci al l y t h o se f r om t h e Fr ench co l o n i es, m ad e Par i s a h o m e aw ay f r om h o m e an d laid cl ai m t o i t i n sam e m an n er t h at Fr an ce laid cl ai m t o t h ei r h o m el an d s. Leo p o l d Sed ar Sen g h o r an d Ai m e Cesair e wo r k ed side- by- side w i t h Je a n Pau l Sat r e an d t h e su r r eal i st s, an d at t ai n ed acco m p l i sh m en t an d f am e. Al i o u n e Diop f o u n d ed Pr esen ce Af r i cai n e, Fr ant z Fan on m ad e t h e st u d i es f or his g r o u n d b r eak i n g t r eat i ses on r ace, an d i n Later year s Man u Di b an g o est ab l i sh ed h i m sel f as a m u si ci an of n o t e. Th e i n t o l er an ce t h at w o u l d m ark t h at cit y lat er , esp eci al l y af t er t h e d eb acl...