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REVIEWS 117 example analysed is the literary equivalent of a shooting gallery, if I may so conflate the terms "jeu de massacre" and "galerie de portraits" (p. 43) that May uses to describe this passage. In a series of pen portraits, Montesquieu lines up a number of fatuous individuals under the astonished gaze of Usbek and his local informant. After Usbek describes them and their unacceptable behaviour, his guide provides the punch line, the word ("cet homme ... est un fermier" or "C'est un prédicateur") uiat both defines the character and executes him rhetorically. The second part of the book is organized around abstract principles rather than specific authors. From this more theoretical perspective May explores what he calls the règles du jeu which underpin the functioning of the enigma and which, when taken together, constitute a theory of the genre. A discussion of "seduction" (chap. 12) develops the reader-response effect. More Üian any other type of text perhaps, an enigma requires the listener's active participation; reacting and guessing are after all part of the lure of any riddle. Without that critical cooperation the énigme Louis xv would lose its effectiveness as a verbal weapon and offensive arm. If seduction requires collaboration with the author, démystification (the subject of chap. 13) demands complicity: "À la fois dérouté et intrigué, le lecteur est doublement invité à faire le petit effort nécessaire à lever le voile—donc à collaborer avec l'auteur, premier pas vers la complicité" (p. 101). Enigmas demystify because they project the light of philosophical good sense on a banal reality: Voltaire's reduction of the sacrament of baptism to a few uncoordinated gestures, "jeter de l'eau froide sur la tête avec un peu de sel," or Montesquieu's debunking of the eucharist, "[que] le pain qu'on mange n'est pas du pain, ou que le vin qu'on boit n'est pas du vin" (pp. 103^4). When implemented on a larger scale, the principles informing the enigma explain the mechanism behind the voyage renversé (chap. 14), those imaginary travels which explored not foreign climes but the reader's own homeland. In his penultimate chapter, May comes full circle and addresses the question he has left hanging since the beginning of the book. Dom Juan's wig was the first example cited of the enigma as a genre: a peasant, upon discovering an aristocrat's clothes, can describe them but cannot name them. The play between these two verbal alternatives, describing or naming, the definition or the word defined, showing or telling, is the mechanism that drives May's classical enigma and makes it such an effective weapon in the hands of eighteenth-century philosophes. As we look back on it, this book itself remains something of a puzzle. The commentaries it provides are rather traditional. It opens up no new ground, offers no revelations. It does, however, propose a heretofore unsuspected model for the mordant wit and the ironic thinking that characterize the eighteenth-century philosophic style: it is ... an enigma. Peter V. Conroy, Jr University of Illinois, Chicago Michèle Weil-Bergougnoux, éd. Séminaire Robert Challe. «Les Illustres Fran- çaises)). Montpellier: Montpellier III, Université Paul Valéry, 1995. 175pp. FFr120. ISBN 2-905397-88-9. Cet ouvrage, par-delà la modestie sous laquelle il se présente, me paraît exemplaire à plusieurs points de vue. Résultat d'un séminaire organisé par Michèle Weil-Bergougnoux 118 EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FICTION 9:1 à l'occasion du concours à l'agrégation qui voyait pour la première fois Robert Challe au programme, cet ouvrage est avant tout le signe d'une reconnaissance: celle de Robert Challe comme auteur en quelque sort classique, donc universellement reconnu. Une belle satisfaction pour tous ceux qui, à partir de Frédéric Deloffre, ont travaillé pour que cela soit, pour que justice soit faite! Mais ce séminaire n'aurait pu être ce qu'il a été qu'après la deuxième partie du travail consacré à Robert Challe: celle qui lui a attribué la paternité non seulement des Illustres Françaises mais aussi de la Continuation de l'Histoire de l'admirable Don Quichotte...

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