Russian-Turkish Relations: Steadfast and Changing

Relations between Russia and Turkey continue to deepen. This change from Cold War-era animosity began even before the advent of the new Turkish government led by the Justice and Development Party (AKP) but has accelerated since then. The leaders of both countries meet frequently, and the two governments have signed many partnership agreements. Nonetheless, continuing differences exist between Turkish and Russian officials over various energy, commercial, and security issues. Fundamentally, the relationship remains characterized by overt friendship and restrained competition.