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Reviews 559 believe his understanding ofgu as causality needs more qualification. However, Schumacher often takes the texts too literally, as iftheywere unambivalent and axiomatic constructs, rather than philosophical persuasions to be read on a variety ofrhetorical levels. His literal reading ofthe you and yue in IAl is an outstanding example ofthat. Mencius situates himself squarely within the Chinese tradition, and considers the sages ofthe past as his teachers. Schumacher finds no place in his discussions for this dimension ofMencius' thought. The appendixes ofthe book contain a useful finding list for Zhu Xi's glosses ofpassages in the Mencius. Regretfully, Schumacher's book was not checked more carefully for typographical errors and ungrammatical sentences. Griet Vankeerberghen and Dietrich Tschanz Princeton University N OTE S 1. Mengzi yinde (A concordance to Meng Tzu), Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series, supplement no. 17 (Peking, 1941; reprint Taiwan: Chengwen, 1966), p. 1, our translation . It is very tricky to provide a translation ofthis passage in English for a critical review, as Schumacher explicitly rejects standard translations such as D. C. Lau's (see below), and since his own translations in German are heavily influenced by the way he interprets the passage. 2.Translation adapted from D. C. Lau, Mencius (Penguin, 1970), p. 179. 3.See, e.g., the contributions of Keimatsu Mitsuo, Dai Junren, M. Loewe, S. Queen, and G. Arbuckle. 4.In Studies in Chinese Philosophy and Philosophical Literature (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990), pp. 7-66. Schumacher notes and discusses variations between this version and an earlier published version. Eto Shinkichi and Harold Z. Schiffrin, editors. China's Republican Revolution . Tokyo: University ofTokyo Press, 1994. xviii, 279 pp. Hardcover $59.50. China's Republican Revolution is a companion volume to The 1911 Revolution in China: Interpretive Essays, also edited by Etö and Schiffren and published in 1984. Like the earlier collection ofessays, this second volume is the product ofan international conference commemorating the 1911 revolution. The second conference, held in August of 1991 in Honolulu, included over seventy scholars from all over© 1995 by University me gi0be) an(j me volume includes six essaysbyJapanese scholars, four bymainoj awai ? ress^^ Chinese, three by Americans, two byTaiwan scholars, and one eachby scholars from France, Germany, Korea, and Israel. 560 China Review International: Vol. 2, No. 2, Fall 1995 The essays are divided into three sections: the first is on "The Times," the second on "Sun Yat-sen," and the third on "Political Thought." Although the final essay in the book, by Kubota Bunji, "Interpretations ofthe Revolution," refers to new approaches to the revolution that de-emphasize the role ofSun Yat-sen (p. 249), this book is very much Sun Yat-sentric. In addition to the middle section devoted to Sun himself, the third section, with the exception of Kubota's essay , is devoted exclusively to a discussion of Sun Yat-sen's thought. This points to the book's greatest weakness. Ifrevisiting the events of 1911 every ten years is to be a worthy academic pursuit, as scholars in China and the organizers ofthis volume clearly believe that it is, should it not take into account new sources, interpretations, perspectives, and methodologies? To return to a significant and complex historical drama with generally the same lens focused on the same topics does not greatly advance our knowledge ofhistory. This is not to say that there is no interesting material presented in this volume . In his essay "Japanese Studies on Sun Yat-sen: The Present State ofResearch and Problems for Discussion," Fujii Shòzó presents sources uncovered in Japan's National Diet Library by a Chinese scholar, Li Tingjiang, that document Sun's agreement to lease Manchuria to Japan in exchange for Tokyo's support for the revolutionary faction in 1912 (pp. 191-192). As Etö recounts in his preface, Fujii's presentation of these sources (which have already been discussed by Li in Chinese and Japanese publications dating back to 1985) provoked a very heated debate at the conference, particularly by scholars from Taiwan, who questioned their authenticity. Unfortunately, none ofthis debate was included in the volume, as it would have revealed how Sun's sanctity continues to be contested and...

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