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BOOK REVIEWS125 acts of God to which one must be faithful. Although Ellwood's editorial work can be seen more clearly by examining these narrative papers (and some careless omissions rectified) his work is not denigrated by reference to parallel sources. Fox's keen memory and penchant for records-keeping is enhanced. So these collections make interesting reading. Unless we are completely antiquarian, however, the variant readings, as illustrated below, carry the same spiritual wallop and lay the burden of faithfulness upon us equally. While I was speaking, the constables drew towards the door, and the soldiers stood with dieir muskets in the yard. When I had done speaking, I kneeled down, and prayed, desiring the Lord to open the eyes and hearts of all people, high and low, that their minds might be turned to God by his Holy Spirit: that he might be glorified in all and over all. (Ellwood Journal, 1682, p. 555.) And so GF. went on with many other words, and then the Constables drew out towards die door and the soldiers stood with their muskets in die yard and G.F. kneeled down and prayed and desired the Lord to open the eyes and hearts of all people both high and low that their minds might be turned to God by his Holy Spirit that he may be glorified in all and over all. ("h" cited Narrative, p. 56) George Fox CollegeArthur O. Roberts Carribbean Quakers. By Harriet Frorer Durham. Hollywood, Florida: Dukane Press, Inc. 1972. Foreword by Henry J. Cadbury. 133 pages. $6.95. Until recently, the early history of Friends in the Caribbean has been of interest only to a few. Records are fragmentary, many having been destroyed by time, earthquake, and through sheer neglect Nevertheless, it is an interesting, even romantic history, that of a number of colonies, spanning the second half of the 17th and most of the 18th centuries. Throughout this time, many "Public" Friends, traveling from Europe, visited the islands on their way to America, and supplied support and encouragement . Visitors included George Fox himself, together with others whose names are almost as well known. Travelers from America also visited the various communities from time to time as their "concerns" led them. They considered this an important area for the "nourishment of the tender plant," and it became the graveyard for some who traveled there on religious service. But in spite of this encouragement, the tenure of Friends in individual colonies was not long. By the end of the 18th century, most organized Quakerism in the Caribbean had disappeared. Why this happened is of particular interest. The usual conflicts with authority on the issues of tidies, church attendance, oath-taking, and the bearing of arms were successfully combatted well into the 18th century, and were not the principal reasons for the Society's decline. It was rather the incompatibility between their principles and the economic and political factors of the local scene which brought about their disappearance. Friends could not easily make a living in the single-crop sugar or cotton economy widiout the use of slaves. 126QUAKER HISTORY Hence, many members either emigrated to England or die mainland of America, or else abandoned the Society. The decline and disappearance of Friends left a: void of nearly 'a century until renewed interest on the part of a few historians culminated in a visit to Tortola by Charles F. Jenkins in 1913: His monograph, "Tortola: A 'Quaker Experiment of Long Ago in the Tropics," was published in London 'in 1923, but has long been out of print. Mrs. Durham, the author of the work under review here, has already done a great service by editing a new edition of Jenkins' excellent account, which deals with only a single group of small islands. She has now gone much -further in covering the larger canvass of the whole Caribbean chain and in setting forth wliat can be recalled of its Quaker history. Even Bermuda is included" in the interest of completeness although that island is not strictly a part of the area. Mrs. Durham has collected many of the contemporaneous accounts of Friends who inhabited or visited these islands, and describes...

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